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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is immune surveillance
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the process by which the immune system surveys the body for tumor cells and destroys them
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lymphocytic infiltrates can be found in what two locations, supporting the hypothesis that the immune system and cancer are related
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in tumors and in draining lymph nodes of some tumors
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Intratumoral T cells were associated with _______ outcomes in ovarian cancer studies; intratumoral macrophages were associated with _______ outcomes for NHL
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better, worse
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Burkitt lymphoma is associated with what virus
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EBV
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HHV 8 is associated with what cancer
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Kaposi sarcoma (in the elderly)
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Cervical cancer is associated with what virus
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HPV
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Hep B and C are associated with what cancer
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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What are 3 AIDS-defining cancers
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Kaposi sarcoma (HHV 8), Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (EBV), invasive cervical cancer (HPV)
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Immunosuppression in transplant patients can lead to what condition caused by excessive proliferation of the EBV virus?
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PTLD (post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder)
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describe the experiments that proved T cells were involved in preventing cancer
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mouse injected with tumor - died
mouse injected with irradiated/attenuated tumor, then exposed to tumor - lived SCID/T cell deficient mouse immunized with attenuated tumor, then exposed to tumor - died SCID/T cell deficient mouse injected with T cells of healthy immunized mouse and then exposed to tumor - lived |
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How could you create a SCID or T cell deficient mouse?
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knock out ADA or IL-2gamma
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T/F Immunity against tumors is tumor specific
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T - tumors express antigenic epitopes
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What mechanisms does the immune system use to control tumors? (4)
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CD8 T cell, NK cell (via ADCC), macrophages (TNFalpha, phagocytosis), antibodies (to a small extent)
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which are the most important in tumor control
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CD8 T cells
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What is cancer immunoediting?
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the idea that the immune system response to cancer actually pushes tumor cells to select for resistance (those that escape recognition survive)
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Most tumors show ________ evidence of immunological control
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little
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What (3) things are commonly lacking in tumor cells that help them evade immune recognition by T cells?
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MHC I, B7, adhesion molecules
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describe the partial MHC I expression tumors can have
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don't have MHC I to present peptides to T cells and get destroyed that way, but do have another class of MHC I molecule to prevent NK cell killing
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if a tumor antigen is taken up by a B cell and presented to a T cell without co-stimulation, what will be the outcome?
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T cell anergy/tolerance
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what will a tumor cell commonly do to an antibody that binds to one of its cell surface antigens
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endocytose and degrade it to avoid detection by the immune system
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what factors do tumor cells secrete that inhibit T cells
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IL 10, TGF beta, IDO (has an immunosuppressive effect), T reg activation
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What is one way a patient can become immunosuppressed non-specifically in cancer?
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malnutrition
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what two sites of the body lack lymphatics
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brain, gonads
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how can tumors physically their surface antigens
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glycocalyx proteins (like sialic acid)
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