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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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two cardinal features of stem cells
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self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation
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totipotent stem cell
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i.e. zygote, can make all body cells
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pluripotent stem cell
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i.e. embryonic stem cell, can make most body cells
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multipotent stem cell
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i.e. adult hematopoietic stem cell, slightly more differentiated but can make all the blood cells
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unipotent progenitor cell
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i.e. endothelial progenitor cells - make endothelial lining components but that's it
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embryonic stem cells come from the ____________ of the late blastocyst
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inner cell mass
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pros of embryonic stem cells
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long term renewal, can make multiple tissues, teratogen screening, fertility research
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cons of embryonic stem cells
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destroy embryo, teratocarcinomas, laborious, expensive
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a cell with stem-cell like activity that is created by adding certain transcription factors to a differentiated cell is called what?
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an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)
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what are some problems with iPS cells?
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can cause cancer like embryonic stem cells, usually use viruses to knock-in transcription factors which can leave behind viral genes
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where do adult hematopoietic stem cells do self-renewal and dormancy?
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against bone lining
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where do adult hematopoietic stem cells carry out differentiation?
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out around blood vessels
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describe autologous bone marrow transplant vs. allogeneic bone marrow transplant
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autologous - give chemo and then give back own stem cells; allogeneic - from another individual, used for cancers not responsive to chemo
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which type of bone marrow transplant is used for most B cell cancers (i.e. multiple myeloma)
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autologous
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what are the chances of siblings being HLA-identical?
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25%
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of using hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood
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more tolerance; few blood stem cells
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not having the right microenvironment in the bone marrow for a hematopoietic stem cell can cause what?
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cancer (dysplastic cells)
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what chromosome translocation occurs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
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15;17
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what compound can reverse the closing off of the DNA transcription caused by the fused PML-RARalpha created in AML? (i.e. treat AML)
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all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
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cancers containing all three germ layers are called what
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teratomas
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what are the three cardinal features of cancer stem cells
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self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, invasiveness
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Which cancers are we not convinced have cancer stem cell activity?
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia (caused by problems with apoptosis)
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What proteins enhance the ability of BCR-ABL to cause cancer?
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AHI-1 and JAK2
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why can't you take people off Imantinib?
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because the myeloid leukemia stem cell becomes resistant
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