Boars Biochemistry

Front 1

CPS 1

Back 1

location: mitochondria
pathway: urea cycle
nitrogen source: ammonia

Front 2

CPS 2

Back 2

location: cytosol
pathway: pyrimidine synthesis
nitrogen source: glutamine

Front 3

How does UV light damage DNA?

Back 3

creates thymine dimers on SAME strand of DNA

Front 4

DNA pol alpha (eukaryotic)

Back 4

replicates lagging strand, synthesizes RNA primer

Front 5

DNA pol beta, epsilon (eukaryotic)

Back 5

repairs DNA

Front 6

DNA pol gamma (eukaryotic)

Back 6

Replicates mitochondrial DNA

Front 7

DNA pol delta (eukaryotic)

Back 7

Replicates leading strand of DNA

Front 8

4 ways proteins interact with DNA

Back 8

1. helix turn helix
2. helix loop helix
3. leucine zipper protein
4. zinc finger motif

Front 9

Metabolism site: mitochondria

Back 9

Fatty acid oxidation (beta oxidation), acetyl CoA production, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ketone synthesis

Front 10

Metabolism site: cytoplasm

Back 10

Glycolysis, fattay acids synetheiss, HMP shunt, protein synthesis (RER), steroid synthesis (SER)

Front 11

Metabolism site: both

Back 11

Heme synthesis, urea cycle, gluconeogenesis

HUGs take two

Front 12

Kinases

Back 12

uses ATP to add high energy phosphate group onto substrate

Front 13

Phosphorylase

Back 13

adds inoragnic phosphate onto substrate without using AtP

Front 14

Phosphatase

Back 14

removes phosphate group from substrate

Front 15

Dehydrogenase

Back 15

oxidizes substrate

Front 16

Carboxylase

Back 16

adds 1 carbon with help of biotin

Front 17

Glycolysis rate limiting step

Back 17

Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1)

Front 18

Gluconeogenesis rate limiting step

Back 18

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Front 19

TCA cycle rate limiting step

Back 19

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Front 20

Glycogen synthesis rate limiting step

Back 20

Glycogen synthase

Front 21

Glycogenolysis rate limiting step

Back 21

Glycogen phosphorylase

Front 22

HMP shunt rate limiting step

Back 22

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Front 23

De novo pryimidine synthesis rate limiting step

Back 23

CSP II

Front 24

De novo purine synthesis rate limiting step

Back 24

Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase

Front 25

Urea cycle rate limitng step

Back 25

CSP I

Front 26

Fatty acid synthesis rate limiting step

Back 26

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC)

Front 27

Fatty acid oxidation rate limiting step

Back 27

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Front 28

Ketogenesis rate limiting step

Back 28

HMG CoA synthase

Front 29

Cholesterol rate limiting step

Back 29

HMG CoA reductase

Front 30

Heme synthesis rate limiting step

Back 30

Aminolevulinic synthase

Front 31

Bile acid synthesis rate limiting step

Back 31

7 alpha hydroxylase

Front 32

Von Gierke's dz (type I)

Back 32

Severe fasting hypoglycemia, very high glycogen in liver, inc blood lactate, hepatomegaly, inc uric acid

Deficient enzyme: glucose 6 phosphatase

Front 33

Pompe's disease (type II)

Back 33

cardiomegaly and systemic findings leading to early death by age 3 (trashes the pumps)

Deficient enzyme: lysosomal alpha 1,4 glucosidase (acid maltase)

Front 34

Cori's disease (type III)

Back 34

Milder form of type I with normal bood lactate levels

Deficient enzyme: debranching enzyme (alpha 1,6 glucosidase)

Gluconeogenesis is intact

Front 35

McArdle's disease (type V)

Back 35

Inc glycogen in muscle but cannot break it down, leading to painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise

Deficient enzyme: skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Front 36

Phenylalanine derivatives

Back 36

--> tyrosine (thyroxine) --> dopa (melanin) --> dopamine --> NE --> epi

Front 37

Tryptophan derivatives

Back 37

B6 --> niacin --> NAD/NADP

BH4 --> serotonin --> melatonin

Front 38

Histidine derivatives

Back 38

B6 --> histamine

Front 39

Glycine derivatives

Back 39

B6 --> porphyrin --> heme

Front 40

Arginine derivatives

Back 40

Creatine, urea, nitric oxide

Front 41

Gluamate derivatives

Back 41

B6 --> GABA (gluamate decarboxylase requires B6)

Glutathione

Front 42

AI apolipoprotein

Back 42

Activates LCAT

Front 43

B 100 apolipoprotein

Back 43

Binds to LDL receptor, mediates VLDL secretion, IDL

Front 44

C II apolipoprotein

Back 44

Cofactor for lipoprotein lipase

Front 45

B 48 apolipoprotein

Back 45

Mediates chylomicron secretion

Front 46

E apolipoprotein

Back 46

Mediates Extra (remnant) uptake

Front 47

C III apoliprotein

Back 47

Inhibs LPL