Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
mean IQ as well as levels for mental retardation
|
mean IQ is 100, IQ<70 is mental retardation, <40 is severe, <20 is profoud
|
|
|
habituation vs. sensitization
|
hab: repeated stimulation leads to decr response; sens: repearted stimulation leads to incr response
|
|
|
extinction (in reference to conditioning)
|
discontinuation of reinforcement eliminates behavior
|
|
|
transference
|
patient projects feelings onto physian
|
|
|
Id
|
primal urges, food, sex, aggression, instinct
|
|
|
ego
|
mediator between unconscious mind and external world; ego resists
|
|
|
superego
|
moral values, conscience, can lead to self-blame
|
|
|
shaping vs. modeling
|
shaping: behavior achieved following reward of closer and closer approx of desired behavior; modeling: behavior acquired by watching others
|
|
|
displacement
|
process whereby avoided ideas and feelings are transferred to some neutral person or object (mother yells at child because she is mad at child)
|
|
|
fixation
|
partially remaining at a more childish level of behavior (vs. regression); ex: men fixating on sports event
|
|
|
identification
|
modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful, though not necessarily admired (abused child becoming an abuser)
|
|
|
isolation of affect
|
separation of feelings from ideas and events (describing murder in graphic detail with no emotional response)
|
|
|
projection
|
an unacceptable internal impulse is attributed to an external source (man who wants another woman thinks his wife is cheating on him)
|
|
|
reaction formation
|
process whereby a warded off idea or feeling is replaced by an emphasis on its opposite (pt with libidinous thoughts enters a monostary)
|
|
|
repression
|
INVOLUNTAY witholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness
|
|
|
splitting
|
belief that people are either all good or all bad at different times due to intolerence of ambiguity
|
|
|
what are the 4 mature ego defenses
|
altruism, humor, sublimation, suppression
|
|
|
sublimation
|
process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar but does not conflict with ones value system (agressive impulses used to succeed in business)
|
|
|
suppression
|
VOLUNTARY witholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness (vs. repression)
|
|
|
anaclitic depression
|
depression in an infant due to continued separation from caregiver
|
|
|
conduct disorder
|
repetitive and pervasive behavior violating social norms (theft, physical aggression), after 18 is antisocial
|
|
|
oppositional defiant disorder
|
occurs in childhood/adolescence, pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms
|
|
|
Rett's disorder
|
X-linked seen in girls (males die in utero), progressive loss of development, mental retardation, loss of verbal abilities, ataxia and stereotyped hand wringing
|
|
|
childhood disintegrative disorder
|
marked regression in multiple areas of functioning after at least 2 years of apparently normal development, common onset from 3-4 years, more common in boys
|
|
|
NT changes in Anxiety
|
incr NE, decr GABA, decr 5-HT
|
|
|
NT changes in Depression
|
decr NE, decr 5-HT, decr DA
|
|
|
NT changes in Alzheimers
|
decr ACh
|
|
|
NT changes in Huntingtons
|
decr GABA, decr ACh
|
|
|
NT changes in Schizophrenia
|
incr DA
|
|
|
NT changes in Parkinson's
|
decr DA, incr ACh
|
|
|
Korsakoff's amnesia
|
classic anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency due to bilateral destruction of mamillary bodies
|
|
|
delerium
|
waxing and waning levels of consciousness, acute changes in MS, hallucinations (visual), illusions; most common psych illness on med and surg floors; abn EEG
|
|
|
illusion
|
misinterpretation of actual external stimuli
|
|
|
delusions
|
false beliefs not shared with others in the culture and that are firmly maintained in spite of obvious proof to the contrary
|
|
|
olfactory hallucinations
|
often occurs as an aura of psychomotor epilepsy
|
|
|
tactile hallucinations
|
common in alcohol withdrawal and in cocaine abusers
|
|
|
hypnagogic vs. hypnopompic hallcunation
|
hypoGOgic: occurs while going to sleep; hypopompic: occurs when waking
|
|
|
Schizophrenia diagnosis
|
requires 2 of the following: delusions, hallucinations (auditory), disorganized speech, disorg/catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation); greater than 6 months
|
|
|
brief psychotic disorder
|
less than 1 month, usually stress related
|
|
|
schizophreniform
|
schizo signs but from 1-6 months
|
|
|
schizoaffective disorder
|
at least 2 weeks of stable mood with psychotic symptoms plus a major depressive, mani or mixed episode
|
|
|
delusional disorder
|
fixed, peristent nonbizarre belief system lasting >1 month, functioning otherwise not impaired
|
|
|
diagnosis of manic
|
period of at least a week, requires 3 or more: distractibility, irresponsibility, grandiosity, flight of ideas, incr in goal directed activity/pscyhomotor agitation, decr need for sleep, talkativeness
|
|
|
cyclothymic disorder
|
milder form of bipolar, lasts at least 2 years
|
|
|
major depressive episode
|
5 of SIGECAPS along with depressed mood or anhedonia for 2 weeks
|
|
|
major depressive disorder
|
2 or more major depressive episodes with a symptom free interval of 2 months
|
|
|
dysthymia
|
milder form of depression, lasting 2 years
|
|
|
important screening question about sleep in depression
|
early morning awakenings
|
|
|
suicide
|
women try more often, men succeed more often
|
|
|
OCD pts have incr activity where
|
in caudate and prefrontal cortex
|
|
|
generalized anxiety disorder
|
uncontrollable anxiety for at least 6 months that is unrelated to a specific person, situation or event
|
|
|
adjustment disorder
|
emotional symptoms causing impairment following an identifiable psychosocial stressor, < 6 months
|
|
|
somatoform disorders
|
characterized by physical symptoms with no identifiable physical cause, symptoms not intentionall produced (unconscious), more common in women
|
|
|
somatitization disorder
|
variety of complaints in mult organ systems over a period of years
|
|
|
conversion
|
motor or sensory symptoms (paralysis, blindness, etc), often following an acute stressor
|
|
|
cluster A personality disorders
|
odd or eccentric, inability to develop meaningful social relationships, no psychosis; includes paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal
|
|
|
schizoid
|
voluntary social withdrawal, limited emotional expression, content with social isolation, cold, fear closeness
|
|
|
cluster B personality disorders
|
dramatic, emotional or erratic; includes antisocial, borderline, histiotronic and narcissistic
|
|
|
antisocial
|
disregard for and violation of rights of others, M>F
|
|
|
borderline
|
unstable mood and interpersonal releationships, sense of emptiness, F>M, splitting is major defense mechanism
|
|
|
histiotronic
|
excessive emotinality and excitability, attention seeking, sexually provacative, unable to maintain relationships for long
|
|
|
narcissistic
|
grandiosity, sense of entitlement, lacks empathy, requires excessive admiration
|
|
|
cluster C personality disorders
|
anxious or fearful, include avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, dependent
|
|
|
avoidant
|
hypersensitive to rejection, socailly inhibited, feelings of inadequacy, desires relationships with others
|
|
|
obessive complulsive personality disorder
|
preoccupation with order, perfectionism and control; dehavior consistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes
|
|
|
dependent
|
submissive and clingy, excessive need to be taken care of
|
|
|
Russell's sign
|
dorsal hand calluses from inducing vomiting
|
|
|
substance abuse vs. dependence
|
abuse is less severe than tolerence
|
|
|
substance abuse
|
failure to fullfill major obligations, physically hazardous situations, legal probelms, continued use despite all this
|
|
|
substance dependence
|
3 or more of the 7 signs in 1 year: tolerence, wthdrawal, taken in larger amounts than desired, unsuccessful in cutting down, significant energy spent acquiring it, activities reduced, continued use in spite of all that
|
|
|
treatment for delerium tremors
|
benzos
|
|
|
pinpoint pupils is suggestive of OD of what type of drugs
|
opioids
|
|
|
common signs in opioid withdrawal
|
insomnia, sweating, dilated pupils, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, N/V, dever
|
|
|
OD treatment for benzos
|
flumazenil
|
|
|
what type of drugs cause dilated pupils with excessive use
|
amphetamines and cocaine
|
|
|
drug used to control symptoms in amphetamine OD
|
labetalol (control HTN, HR, etc)
|
|
|
PCP
|
phencyclidine, belligerence, nystagmus, homicidality, pscyhosis
|
|
|
suboxone
|
naloxone plus buprenorphrine (partial agonist), used in heroin addition, long acting with fewer withdrawal symptoms, gives withdrawal symptoms with injection so there is a lower abuse potential
|
|
|
DTs
|
life threatening alcohol withdrawal symptom, peaks 2-5 days; starts with autonomic system hyperactivitiy, then psychotic symptoms, confusion; give benzos
|
|
|
way to distinguish stimulant vs. anti-ACh OD
|
look at the skin, stimulants are sweaty, anti-ACh are dry
|
|
|
schizotypal
|
eccentric appearence, off beliefs or magical thinking, interpersonal akwardness
|
|
|
ideas of reference
|
disorder of thought content; false convictions that one is the subject of attention by other people or the media
|
|
|
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
can occur in pts taking typical antipsychotics; rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, fever; treat with dantrolene, bromocriptine
|
