Boards Part 1 Microbiology

Front 1

Macrophage

Back 1

-Starts as monocyte, presents antigen to T cell

-produces cytokines

-Natural Killer cells

Front 2

T cells, what are the 3 types

Back 2

killer T, Helper T, Regulatory T

Front 3

Killer T cells do what?

Back 3

-Kill virus/ infected cells w/ or w/o antibody

-triggers cell suicide

Front 4

Helper T cells do what?

Back 4

Help in antigen recognition and regulation (helper and suppresor)

Secretes protein molecule (cytokines)

Activates helper & killer T cells to kill pathogen or tumor cell

Front 5

Cytokines include

Back 5

Interlukin 2, interferon gamma

Front 6

Regulatory T cell

Back 6

Help other T cells maintain control

Front 7

Antigen

Back 7

Target (ex: virus protein) of antibody and T cells.

Front 8

Antibody binds to what part of the antigen

Back 8

epitome (part of antigen recognized by immune system)

Front 9

T cells bind to what part of the antigen?

Back 9

the Peptide fragment

Front 10

Histocompatability complex proteins do what?

Back 10

present the antigen for T cells to recognize/ "see"

Front 11

The 2 Types of HCPs (histocompatability complex proteins)

Back 11

Class 1- on surface of cell, sees activity INSIDE the cell and reports to killer T cell

Class 2- made by antigen presenting cells (ex macrophage), informs helper T cells of problems OUTSIDE cell

Front 12

function of an Antibody

Back 12

Tags the antigen as foreign, alerts immune cells.

Front 13

opsonization

Back 13

prepares the virus to be attacked. Docks on the virus that's outside the cell and tag it to die

Front 14

Complement System consists of how many proteins?

Back 14

20

Front 15

Complement System proteins are made by______

Back 15

the liver

Front 16

Fxn of complement system proteins

Back 16

they work together to destroy invaders and signal other immune player to attack

builds membrane attack complexes which as multi-functional and enhance fxn of phagocytic cells

Very rapid system

Front 17

How many complement system pathways exist?

Back 17

3:

classical

alternative

Lectin activation

Front 18

Classical complement system is dependent or independent of antibody?

Back 18

dependent on antibodies for activation

Front 19

Alternative complement system is dependent or independent on the antibody?

Back 19

independent

Front 20

what molecular reactions happens in the Lectin activation pathway?

Back 20

Mannose binds lectin --> lectin binds carb molecule ---> Carb molecule to pathogen

Front 21

Lectin activation pathway triggers what? (5)

Back 21

1. inflammation (similar to classical pathway)

2. chemotaxis of phagocytes

3. promotion of antigen attachement, 2nd signal for B-lymphocytes

4. lysis of gram neg bacteria

5. removal of harmful immune complexes

Front 22

Hypersensitivity type 1 antibody and immune cells involved

Back 22

IgE

also mast cells, basophils, allergic mediators

immediate hypersentivity

anaphylaxis, hay fever, asthma

Front 23

Hypersensitivity type 2 antibody

Back 23

IgG, IgM (cause cell lysis)

Antibody (cytotoxic) mediated

Front 24

Type III hypersensitivity antibody and assoc conditions

Back 24

IgG

SLE, RA, serum sickness, Rheumatic fever

Front 25

SLE is a Type ____ hypersentivity rxn.

Back 25

III

Front 26

RA is a type ____ hypersensitivity.

Back 26

III

Front 27

Rheumatic fever is a type ____ hypersentivity

Back 27

III

Front 28

Type IV hypersensitivity is mediated by what cell?

Back 28

T cell

Front 29

Examples of delayed hypersensitivity?

Back 29

Infections, Dermatitis, graft rejections

Front 30

Assoc conditions w/ Type II hypersentivity

Back 30

blood group incompatability, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, Erythroblastosis fetalis, thrombocytopenia

Front 31

asthma is related to the large production of what immune cell?

Back 31

Mast cells. They respond and degranulate

Front 32

Granules include

Back 32

histamine and other chem/enzymes

Front 33

IgE antibodies live __ day(s) in the blood and ____ once attached to mast cells

Back 33

1 day in blood, several weeks when attached to mast cells

Front 34

Basophils attach to _____.

Back 34

IgE

Front 35

Eosinophils are assoc with what conditions?

Back 35

Chronic allergic reactions and parasitic infections

Front 36

Hereditary-linked allergies present with ____ production of IgE

Back 36

increased

Front 37

Canale- Smith syndrome

Back 37

self reactive lymphocytes repeatedly stimulated resulting in swollen lymph nodes

Front 38

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Back 38

organ specific immune disease w/ B cells target

Front 39

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 39

self-reactive antibodies bind to receptors for acetylcholine (muscle contraction). may be from enlarged thymus or thymoma

Front 40

Multiple Sclerosis occurs in ______ and is caused by ___ cells that destroy _____ sheaths.

Back 40

CNS origin

Self reactive T cells that destroys myelin sheaths

-Macrophages recruited by cytokines secreted by T cells

-Activated T cells can cross Blood Brain Barrier

Front 41

RA is mediated by what two antibodies that activate what immune cell?

Back 41

IgG/IgM activates macrophages that cause inflammation

Front 42

Lupus Erythematosus affects ______ people in USA (90% women)

Back 42

250,000

Front 43

staph aureus causes these 5 diseases:

Back 43

STOIC

scalded skin syndrome

toxic shock

osteomyelitis

impetigo (#1 cause)

Carbuncles (infected hair follicles)

Front 44

6 diseases caused by strep pyogenes

Back 44

SERGIS

Strep throat

Erysipelas (aka St. Andrew's fire), superficial cellulitis

Rheumatic Fever

Glomerulonephritis

Impetigo (#2 cause of impetigo)

Scarlet Fever (strawberry tongue)

Front 45

C5b-C9 complement system makes up the _____ _______ complex.

Back 45

Membrane attack complex

Front 46

Does IgG cross the placenta?

Back 46

YES

Front 47

Botulism prevents the release of what neurotransmitter related to what syndrome?

Back 47

AcH (floppy baby syndrome)

Front 48

What is the 1st and 2nd syndrome of Botulism poisoning?

Back 48

1= diploplia

2= death

Front 49

What is the #1 cause of food poisoning?

Back 49

Camplyobacter jejuni

Front 50

s/s of C. Jejuni?

Back 50

1-7 days post injestion diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood/pus in stool, fever.

Front 51

Listeria bacterial infection stems from what foods?

Back 51

deli meats and soft cheeses

Front 52

typhoid causes what kind of spots on the abdomen?

Back 52

rose colored spots. It hides in the gall bladder and peyers patches in ileum. Widal test.

Front 53

Drinking raw/contaminated milk and water can result in contracting what bacteria?

Back 53

Brucellosis. (undulant fever, spontaneous abortion in cattle)

Front 54

Cholera is know for what kind of stool?

Back 54

rice water stool from contaminated water

Front 55

What bacteria is water and soil borne?

Back 55

Shigella.

Front 56

Shigella causes

Back 56

bacillary/bacterial dysentery (blood in stool)

Front 57

E. coli is aka

Back 57

Traveler's diarrhea in the enterotoxigenic form

Front 58

wool sorter's disease is caused by what bacteria that is inhaled?

Back 58

Anthrax (gram + rods)

Front 59

Lockjaw is caused by what bacteria that inhibits GABA and Glycine?

Back 59

Tetanus (blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters)

Front 60

Otitis Media is caused by what to organisms?

Back 60

H. influenza

Strep pneumonia

Front 61

Otitis Externa is caused by what two organisms?

Back 61

E. Coli

Psuedomonas aeruginosa

Front 62

Yaws is caused by what organism? How is it contracted?

Back 62

Treponema pertenue

by skin contact

it causes non-veneral syphilis

Front 63

Yaws results in

Back 63

non-veneral syphilis (tropical infection of skin, bones, joints)

Front 64

Treponema pallidum causes

Back 64

syphilis

Front 65

primary syphilis results in

Back 65

hard painless chancre (most contagious)