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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lab results in stag horn calculus (large, calcified mass with large multiple projections filling one renal pelvis)
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Increased ammonia concentration in the urine (the very large calculi are composed of magnesium ammonia phosphate)
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Acute hemolytic crisis after taking chloroquine
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G6PD deficiency
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What can trigger hemolytic crisis in G6PD deficiency?
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Drugs:
Sulfonamides, antimalarials Foods: Fava beans (favism) Stress |
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Hypersexuality, grandiosity, impulsivity, irritability, insomnia, elevated mood
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Mania
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Potassium sparing diaruretics
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amiloride
spironolactone triamterene |
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Inability to form relationships, difficult experiencing and expressing emotions, do not seek intamacy and approval from others, preform isolated jobs
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Schizoid personality disorder
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complete disregard for social norms, rules and interest of others. frequently in prison.
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Antisocial personality disorder
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witdraw due to fear of critism, eager to please and desire affection
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Avoidant personality disorder
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suspicious and mistrustful, frequently misinterperet the actions of others.
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Paranoid personality disorder
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odd behavior, cognition and perception. no psychosis.
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Schizotypal personality disorder
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a desire for relationships, but anxiety interferes with formation of friendships, fear unfamiliar situations and rejection from others
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Social phobia
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hypertension, DM, punched out hypodense lesions in the basal ganglia and anterior limb of the left internal capsule on CT
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Lacunar infarcts
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sharply demarcated lesions located at the junction between the grey and white matter
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metastatic lesions
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high doses of inhailed oxygen through a ventilator for long periods of time may lead to what
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pulmonary fibrosis
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most common causes of viral meningitis
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enterovirus
arbovirus HSV |
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extraaxial mass on CT
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meningioma
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intraaxial mass on CT
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glioblastoma
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antiemetic for chemo induced vomiting
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ondansetron (Zofran)
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test for cystic duct obstruction
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HIDA
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test for intra & extrahepatic biliary trees
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ERCP
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drug of choice for impetigo
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oral cephalexin
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murmur increasing with vasalva
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aortic stenosis
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prophylaxis of tb (not drug resistant)
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Isoniazide
Children 10mg/kg/day Adults 300mg/day |
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prophylaxis for drug resistant tb
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Ethambutol
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what disease process would you use forceps-assisted vaginal delivery
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mitral stenosis
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what drug for ADHD needs parental consent and why?
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Pemoline
causes hepatic failure |
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MOA of amantadine
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stimulates dopamine release
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small testes, disproportionate long arms and legs, infertility and gynecomastia. history of MR and learning disabilities.
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Klinfelter syndrome (XXY)
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test for congenital hypothyroidism
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Total T4 and thyrotropin
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what is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency
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long term steroid use
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ambiguous genitalia in females, dehydration & hyponatremia, hypochloremia
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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lab findings in 21-hydroxylase deficiency
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elevated potassium
elevated BUN elevated renin elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone |
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underlying mechanism of MS
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loss of oligodendrocytes
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cerebral spinal fluid analysis of violent suicide victims
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low levels of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid
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euphoria, restlessness, excitement, agitation, increased motor activity, mydraisis, increased respiratory rate, hypertension.
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cocaine od
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Patient on cruise ship develops confusion, pulmonary findings, GI complaints and abnormal LFT's, appears toxic and is febrile. What bacteria is the most likely cause and how did he get it?
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Legionella
From the ventilation system on the ship |
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What is the antibiotic of choice for Legionella?
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IV Erythromycin
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Where do thiazide diauretics work?
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Inhibit reabsorption of NaCl from the early distal tubule
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Where do loop diauretics work?
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Inhibit electrolyte reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle
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How do osmotic diauretics work?
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Freely filtered at the glomerulus and they are not reabsorbed- primary action occurs at the proximal tubue
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Where do potassium sparing diauretics work at?
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It acts on the collecting tubule to inhibit the reabsorptio of Na+ and the secretion of K+
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lesion that look like a volcano, round, firm, flesh colored with sharply rising edges and a central crater. debris can be expressed.
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keratoacanthoma
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absence of ADH, urine concentrates after administration of AVP
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Neurogenic DI
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Elevated ADH, no concentration of urine after administration of AVP
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Nephrogenic DI
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Thickened ventricular septu and the systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
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Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
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Describe the murmur of IHSS
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harsh and systolic decreases when afterload increases (ie. hand grip)
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identifiable stressor within 3 months, now presents with behavorial and emotional symptoms that are excessive for the stressor
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Adjustment disorder
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Patients with sickle cell anemia presents with gross hematuria, polyuria and nocturia.
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Papillary necrosis
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Elderly patient, presenting with nephrotic syndrome. Pathology reveals red material in the glomeruli and surounding structures when stained with Congo red stain.
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Amyloidosis
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules and thickening of the basement membrane. Retinopathy.
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Diabetic nephropathy
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Primary biliary cirrhosis- what antibody
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antimitochondrial antibody
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puritius, fatigue, enlarged liver, xanthomas, alk. phos >500 elevated cholesterol
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primary biliary cirrhosis
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hematuria following a sore throat
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IgA nephropathy
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Leukocytosis on gram stain but no oranisms. Buffered charcoal yeast extract(BCYE) agar grows gram negative bacilli
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Legionella
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Treatment for legionella
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erythromycin
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pneumonia in infant- obligate intracellular parasite
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chlamydia
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elderly patient- gram negative coccus
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Moraxella
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Treatment for Moraxella
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penicillin/clavulanic acid
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Young adult, sore throat, nonproductive cough, headache, CXR- interstitial infiltrates
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Mycoplasma
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Treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia
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Erythromycin
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Immunocompromised patient, DIFFUSE interstitial infiltrates
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Pneumocystis carinii
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Treatment for pneumocystis carinii
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trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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head trauma loss of consciousness followed by lucid period then followed by loss of consciouness again
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Evolving epidural hematoma
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head trauma followed by brief loc then normal arousal, may have disturbances of vision and equilibrium
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cerebral contusion
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what are the three stages of lyme disease?
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1- skin rash (erythema migrans) with flu like symptoms
2- cardiac (from AV nodal conductions defects) and neurological symptoms 3- arthritis |
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Decreased exercise tolerance, grade III/VI systolic ejection murmur best heard at the LUSB. Second heart sound is widely split and fixed, RV impulse is palpated. EKG-> RAD
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ASD
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Sudden, unexplained high fever in a child between 6-36 months. May be accompanied by convulsions and lymphanenopathy. on the 4th day, the fever drops and a rash appears (rose-colored discrete macules on neck, trunk, buttocks)
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Exanthema subitum (ROSEOLA infantum) caused by human herpes virus 6 (6ths disease)
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What is cromolyn sodium used for?
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its an anti-inflammatory used to treat bronchial asthma
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lichenified plaques in flexor creases are found in what disease?
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atopic dermatitis
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what are phenothiazines?
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Neuroleptic antipsychotic drugs
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what are side effects of phenothiazines?
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EPS
Hyperprolactinemia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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evoked potentional testing is used for what?
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MS
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What acid / base imbalance is caused by NG suctioning?
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Metabolic Alkalosis
(Also seen in vomiting) |
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a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the iris, retina, choroid or optic disc is called what
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coloboma
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what disorder are coloboma's seen in?
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CHARGE
C- Cleft lip or palate H- Hearing impairment A- Atresia (Choanal) R- Retardation of growth/development G- Genital / urinary abnormalities (hypogonadism) E- Ear abnormalities / deafness |
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What is the most common genital condition associated with CHARGE syndrome
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undescended testicles, or cryptorchidism
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What is the most common cause of sinusitis?
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S. Pneumoniae
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Name the cardio selective beta blockers
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Acebutolol
Atenolol Esmolol Metoprolol |
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What beta blocker would be contraindicated in a patient with a history of COPD?
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Non selective beta blockers
ie. Nadolol |
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Side effects of Quinidine?
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Tinniuts
Blurred vision GI upset Delirium |
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Side effects of Allopurinol?
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Rash
Fever |
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Side effects of Hydralizine?
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Lupus like syndrome
Headache Tachycardia Nausea |
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Side effects of Niacin?
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Cutaneous flushing
Puritis |
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Side effects of Spironolactone?
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Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia |
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A low sodium diet works by what?
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Reducing extracellular fluid
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MCC of lung cancer in the non-smoker?
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Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
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Ship yards, roofing industry, insulation business
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Asbestosis
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Lung disease associated with- City dwellers, cigarette smokers and miners
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Anthracosis
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Lung disease associated with- Electronics, ceramic, aerospace, nuclear energy
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Berylliosis
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Lung disease associated with- Cotton, linen, hemp
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Byssinosis
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Lung disease associated with-
Mining, sand blasting, glass production, farming and road construction |
Silicosis
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CXR shows calcified nodules, egg shell appearance, in the upper lobes and perihilar region.
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Silicosis
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Lower lobe intersititial fibrosis, with septal wall widening that is worse near the periphery of the lung.
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Asbestosis
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Widened pulse pressure, blowing diastolic murmur, S3
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Aortic insufficiency
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Crecendo-decrescendo murmur, radiates to the carotids
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Aortic stenosis
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Holosystolic blowing murmur best heard at the apex and radiating tot he axila
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Mitral regurgitation
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Diastolic rumbling murmur heard at the apex of the heart, associated with an opening snap that occurs after S2
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Mitral stenosis
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What pathology is mitral stenosis usually associated with?
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Rheumatic fever
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History of rheumatic fever, presents with pulmonary congestion- what will the left ventricle show?
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Mitral stenosis- left ventricle will be normal
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A hypertrophic pressure overloaded ventricle is seen in what pathology?
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Aortic stenosis
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What drug is given to patients who are hypotensive and bradycardic
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Atropine
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What drug works by inhibiting enzyme epoxide reductase?
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tPA
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What drug works as a platelet aggregration inhibitor by decreasing thromboxane A-2 production?
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ASA
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What drug works as a platelet aggregration inhibitor by increasing cAMP levels by inhibiting cyclic neuclotide phosphodiesterase?
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Dipyidramole
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What drug is a protein produced by beta hemolytic streptococci that converts plasminogen to plasmin?
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Streptokinase
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What beta blocker is used for patients who have hyperthyrodism and asthma?
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Metroprolol
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Continuous machinery murmur, bounding pulses and a wide pulse pressure.
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PDA
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Harsh pansystolic murmur heard best at the left sternal boarder at the 3-5 ICS.
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VSD- MC congenital heart defect
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When do VSD's close.
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Most close spontaneously by 6 months of age
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Systolic ejection murmur heard at the left midsternal boarder, a fixed split S2 and a heave are also present
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ASD
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Systolic ejection murmur, heard at the right and left first and second interspaces, radiates to the back and axilla
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Pulmonary stenosis - MC murmur in new borns
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A lesion that developes at the sight of a previous injury that bleeds easily and does not blanch
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Pyogenic granuloma
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Red to brown firm small papule or nodule, often found on the legs
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Dermatofibroma
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Shiny, hard, smooth, dome shaped overgrowth of a scar
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Keloid
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Round, firm flesh colored nodule with a central crater
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Keratoacanthoma
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Rough-surface, sharply demarcated, round, firm, nodule whos colors may be grey, yellow, brown or grey-black
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Wart
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RLQ pain, diarrhea
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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24-48 hours after eating, nausea and vomiting followed by diarrhea
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Staph. auerus enteritis
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holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axila
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mitral regurg
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blowing diastolic murmur, radiates to the apex and widened pulse pressure
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aoritc regurg
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systolic ejection murmur, at the second right intercostal space that radiates to the neck
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aortic stenosis
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holosystolic murmur that is louder on inspiration
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tricuspid regurg
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rumbling middiastolic murmur with an opening snap
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mitral stenosis
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nuchal rigity neuroimaging studies show multifocal hemorrhagic lesions in temporal lobes
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herpes simplex encephalitis
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sharply delineated, dry, brown slightly scaling patches in the intertriginous areas
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erythrasma
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what is the organism responsible for erythrasma
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corynebacterium minutissimum
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coral red fluoresence seen on woods lamp
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erythrasma
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what is the treatment for erythrasma
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erythromycin 250mg po qid x1wk
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red, shiny, moist and glistening plaques with no scales in intertignious areas
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inverse psoriasis
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shiny moist pink patches seen at the base of the creases that often have hemorrhagic and painful fissures
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intertigo
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in a patient on warfarin - what drugs will inhibit the P-450 system (decreasing warfarin metabolism)
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ketoconazole
cimetidine isoniazid |
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in a patient on warfarin- what drugs will induce the P-450 system (requiring warfarin dose to be increased)
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amobarbital
carbamazepine phenytonin rifampin |
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large binucleated cells
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reed steinberg cells- hodgkins disease
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delusions in which a patient believes s/he is being controlled by another person or external force
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ideas of influence
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associations of words that are similar in sound but not meaning. may be rhyming.
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Clang associations
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patient has a false belief that others are talking about them
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ideas of refrence
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the feeling of revelation in which a person experiences illumination associated with a sense of being chosen as a leader.
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noesis
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what happens to the pupil in accomodation "near reflex test"
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pupil constriction and lens thickening
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what happens in the far reflex test
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pupil dilation and lens thinning
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encapsulated bacteria that is observed in india ink
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cryptococcus
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where is the mitral valve heard?
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left fifth intercostal space at the mid clavicular line
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where is the tricuspid valve heard?
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lower left sternal boarder
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where is the pulmonic valve heard?
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left second intercostal space
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where is the aortic valve heard?
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right second intercostal space
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what valve is best indicitative of tetrology of fallot?
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pulmonic
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what valve is affected in IVDU with endocarditis?
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tricuspid
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systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids with an ejection click
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aortic stenosis
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what valve is best indicitative of CHF, angina or syncope?
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aortic
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young male with ibd - what liver problem are they at highest risk for?
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primary sclerosing colangitis
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