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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Holter Monitoring? What are it's indications?
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"Portable EKG"
Patient carries it for AT LEAST 24 hrs Used to record heart rate, rhythm in patients who experience syncope, palpitations, atypical chest pains, or unexplained dyspnea |
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What are NST, CST and OCT used for?
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NST: (non stress test)
CST: (contraction stress test) OCT: (oxytocin challenge test) Used to test viability of a fetus, and to document the placenta's ability to provide an adequate blood supply to the fetus |
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What structures can be viewed by a bronchoscope?
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larynx, trachea, and bronchi
(LTB) |
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What is the difference btwn colonoscopy and hysteroscopy?
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Colonoscopy: rectum, colon, and small intestines (change in bowel habits, obvious or occult blood, abdominal pain, cancer patients, IBD, or polyposis)
Hysteroscopy: used to visualize the ENDOMETRIAL CAVITY (indicated for women with an abnormal pap smear, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding) |
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What is the difference between colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy?
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Colonoscopy: rectum, colon, AND SMALL INTESTINES.
VS Sigmoidoscopy: rectum and sigmoid colon only. (part of a routine screening for colorectal cancer) |
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What structures can be viewed by a cystoscope? What are it's indications?
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URETHRA, BLADDER, LOWER URETERS for hematuria, recurrent or resistant UTI's, and urinary retention, inadequate urinary stream, urgency, and incontinence. Used to perform biopsy on and treat these conditions.
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What can be viewed by a gastroscope? What are it's indications?
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Used to view the lumen of the ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH and DUODENUM, and also used to evaluate patients with dysphagia, weight loss, early satiety, upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia, alcoholism.
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What is laparoscopy?
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used to directly visualize the abdominopelvic organs when a pathologic condition is suspected
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What surgeries can be performed with a laparoscope?
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oophorectomy, appendectomy, cholecystecomy, colectomy, hernia repair
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What are the indications for Laparoscopy?
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acute or chronic abdominal or pelvic pain (used to confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis), advanced cancer, abdominal mass of uncertain cause, diseases that may be treated with laparoscopic surgery, Ie: oophorectomy, appendectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, hernia repair, ect.
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To confirm the diagnosis of ENDOMETRIOSIS, which endoscopic examination is required?
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Laparoscopy
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What is conventional radiography?
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Plain X-ray Film
has four different densities of material for X-rays to penetrate: (least dense ----> most dense) Gas (lung) Fat (breast) Water (heart) Bone (ribs) |
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What is Contrast Radiography?
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OPAQUE MATERIAL or MEDIUM (barium or iodine compounds) or AIR is injected into a hollow cavity to accentuate its boundaries
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What is Computerized Tomography? (CT Scan)
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X-rays similar to conventional radiography, but highly sensitive GAS or CRYSTAL DETECTORS are used to pick up X-rays passing through the tissue and the info is processed by computer
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What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
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Rapidly spinning PROTONS in the tissue behave like tiny bar magnets and align with the force in a magnetic field, and a map of protons can be built up by a computer
DOES NOT USE IONIZING RADIATION (X-rays) Has higher resolution but takes more time than computerized tomography |
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What three medical imaging methods use x-ray?
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Classical Radiology, Contrast Radiology, Computerized Tomography
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Very high frequency sound waves, generated by a TRANSDUCER in contact with the skin travel through the body and are reflected by the tissue interfaces, and the reflected waves or echoes are picked up by the same transducer adn are converted into electrical energy. This is a:
a: Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) b: Computerized Tomography (CT) c: Utrasound (sonography) |
c: Ultrasound (sonography)
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Which medical imaging device uses no ionizing radiation and no contrast media?
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Ultrasound
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What is the most commonly obtained X-ray study in radiology?
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Chest X
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What are the indications of Chest X-rays?
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provides much information about the heart, lungs, bony thorax, mediastinum, and great vessels associated with the heart.
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What x-ray studies use Barium as the contrast medium?
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Contrast Radiology
Barium Enema Barium Swallow Small Bowel Enema/ Small bowel follow through (SBF) |
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What are the indications of Upper GI series?
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Indicated in patients with upper abdominal pain, dyspepsia, dysphagia, early satiety, suspected gastroduodenal obstruction.
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What are the indications of lower GI series? aka barium enema
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Indicated in abdominal pain (contraindicated in acute cases), obvious or occult blood in stools, IBD, suspected bowel or abdominal cancer, vulvulus or colon obstruction
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What are the indications of bone X-rays?
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any bone fracture, infection, arthritis, tendonitis, or bone spurs, to determine bone age in children to evaluate growth and development, and to identify primary and metastatic bone tumors.
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What are the indications of mammography?
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indicated for women of any age with a history of breast cancer (annually), and women over the age of 40 (annually)
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What is DEXA (dual energy X-ray apsorptiometry) used for?
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testing bone density in women over 65
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What is HSG (hysterosalpingography) used for?
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part of a work up for infertility to evaluate patency or obstruction of the fallopian tubes.
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What is IVP (intravenous pyelography) used for?
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evaluation of urinary system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB) and prostate gland
STONES |
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What are the commonly used radionuclides? (4)
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technetium, gallium, thallium, iodine
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What nuclear medicine studies can be used to detect cancer metastasis?
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Nuclear scanning???
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In what medical fields is PET scan widely used?
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Neurology
Cardiology Oncology |
