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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most common cause of trauma death and disability?
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Blunt trauma
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True or false: Penetrating trauma can be deceptive because the true nature of the injury is often hidden and evidence of the serious injury is very subtle or even absent.
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False. This describes blunt trauma
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Define kinetics
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The branch of physics that deals with motion, taking into consideration mass and force.
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Define inertia
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Tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion unless acted upon by an external force
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Define motion
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The process of changing place; movement
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Define energy
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The capacity to do work in the strict physical sense
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Define kinetic energy
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The energy an object has while it is in motion. It is related to the object's mass and velocity.
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Define mass
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A measure of the matter that an object contains; the property of a physical body that gives the body inertia.
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Define velocity
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The rate of motion in a particular direction in relation to time.
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Define acceleration
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The rate at which speed or velocity increases.
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Define deceleration
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The rate at which speed or velocity decreases.
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What are the two categories of trauma?
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Blunt and penetrating
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Define exsanguination
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The draining of blood to the point at which life cannot be sustained (severe blood loss).
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What are the events of an MVC in order?
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Vehicle collision
Body collision Organ collision Secondary collision Additional collision |
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True or false: Secondary collisions may cause a pts injuries or increase their severity.
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True
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_________________ have had a profound effect in reducing crash-related deaths.
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Restraints
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Seat belts use should be mandatory/optional for all EMS personnel.
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mandatory
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True or false: While airbags cause injury, they have, overall, greatly reduced injury and death in MVC's.
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True
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What is the best protection for infants and small children riding in vehicles?
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Properlt used child safety seats
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What are the different types of vehicle impacts?
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Frontal
Lateral Rotational Rear-end Rollover |
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What is the most common type of vehicle collision impact?
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Frontal
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What are the injury mechanisms associated with frontal impacts?
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Down-and-under
Up-and-over Ejection |
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What injury pathyway accounts for over half of the deaths in vehicular crashes?
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Up-and-over
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Define axial loading
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Application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine.
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Define crumple zone
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The region of a vehicle designed to absorb the energy of impact.
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True or false: Occupants of an vehicle with a crumple zone may experience greater forces in a collision even though the vehicle may not appear severly damaged.
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False. Occupants without a crumple zone may experience greater forces in a collision even though damage to the vehicle may not appear as severe as damage to a vehicle with a crumple zone involved in a similar crash.
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What is a cause of "paper bag" syndrome?
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Compression of the chest against the steering column.
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The degree of injury may be greater than the damage alone would suggest in what type of crash?
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Lateral, because of this you should maintain a higher than normal index of suspicion.
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Define oblique
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Having a slanted position or direction
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True or false: A visual examination of the crash scene can tell you a great deal about what happened to the pt(s) and what injuries should be suspected.
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True
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Figures from states requiring mandatory ETOH level testing after fatal MVC's reveal that more than what percent of drivers were legally intoxicated?
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50%
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Head and body cavity trauma account for what percent of deaths in vehicular crashes?
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85%
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Why is serious trauma likely even in low-speed motorcycle crashes?
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Because of the lack of protective vehicle structure.
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True or false: Helmets reduce the incidence and severity of head injuries in motorcycle crashes, but they have no effect on the incidence of spinal trauma.
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True. Helmets can reduce the incidence and severity of head trauma by 50 to 66%.
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In auto vs. pedestrian crashes, children are likely to turn in which direction?
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Toward the vehicle
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In auto vs. pedestrian crashes, adults are likely to turn in which direction?
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Away from the vehicle
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Define oxidizer
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An agent that enhances combustion of a fuel.
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Define pressure wave
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Area of over-pressure that radiates outward from an explosion
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What are the injury mechanisms associated with blasts?
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Pressure wave
Blast wind Projectiles Personnel displacement Confined spaces and structural collapse Burns |
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Define overpressure
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A rapid increase then decrease in atmospheric pressure created by an explosion.
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Underwater detonation increases the lethal range of an explosion by what percent?
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300
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Define blast wind
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The air movement caused as the heated and presurized products of an explosion moves outward
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Define ordinance
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Military weapons and munitions
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Define flechettes
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Arrow-shaped projectiles found in some military ordinance
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The most lethal explosions are those causing _________________ ________________ followed by those in confined spaces.
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structural collapse
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Define incendiary
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An agent that combusts easily or creates combustion.
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What are the 3 blast injury phases?
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Primary - caused by heat of an explosion and overpressure wave
Secondary - caused by blast projectiles Tertiary - caused by personnel displacement and structural collapse |
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True or false: Secondary injuries may be as or more severe than the promary blast injuries.
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True
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What is the most common and severe injury associated with explosions?
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Pulmonary trauma
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Define emboli
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Undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in a bloodstream that may cause blockage of blood vessels.
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Define dyspnea
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Labored or difficulty breathing
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Define hemoptysis
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Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract
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Define pneumothorax
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Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the chest wall and lung
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_______________ _______________ _______________ should be provided to any blast injury pt with serious dyspnea.
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Careful positive pressure
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The potential for injury from a fall depends on what factors?
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Height of fall
Stopping distance |