Blumenfeld Neuroanatomy 15: Cerebellum

Front 1

eye movement abnormaliities localize to ___ (2) of cerebellum

Back 1

vermis
flocculonodular lobe

Front 2

2 lobes of cerebellum
they are separated by ___

Back 2

anterior
posterior
primary fissure

Front 3

___ fissure is visible only on ventral surface of cerebellum

Back 3

posterolateral

Front 4

posterolateral fissure separates ___ from ___

Back 4

flocculonodular lobes
posterior lobe

Front 5

flocculus is medial/lateral to nodulus
the 2 are connected via ___

Back 5

lateral
pedicles

Front 6

tonsillar herniation is bad because of ___

Back 6

compression of medulla, compromising respiratory centers

Front 7

superior cerebellar peduncle decussates at level of ___
it primarily carries ___
it is aka ___

Back 7

inferior colliculi
cerebellar outputs
brachium conjunctivum

Front 8

middle cerebellar peduncle primarily carries ___
it is aka ___

Back 8

cerebellar inputs
brachium pontis

Front 9

inferior cerebellar peduncle primarily carries ___
it is aka ___

Back 9

cerebellar inputs
restiform body

Front 10

3 functional regions of cerebellum

Back 10

lateral hemispheres
intermediate hemispheres
vermis/flocculonodular lobe

Front 11

lateral hemispheres do ___

Back 11

motor planning for extremities

Front 12

intermediate hemispheres do ___

Back 12

appendicular coordination

Front 13

vermis/flocculonodular lobes do ___ (2)

Back 13

axial coordination
vestibulo-ocular coordination

Front 14

deep cerebellar nuclei from lateral to medial
___ are largest

Back 14

dentate
emboliform
globose
fastigial
dentate

Front 15

___ comprise the interposed nuclei

Back 15

emboliform
globose

Front 16

___ is active before voluntary movements
___ is active during voluntary movements

Back 16

dentate
interposed

Front 17

dentate nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 17

lateral cerebellar hemispheres

Front 18

interposed nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 18

intermediate cerebellar hemispheres

Front 19

fastigial nuclei receive inputs from ___

Back 19

vermis
flocculonodular lobe

Front 20

cerebellar cortex has ___ layers

Back 20

3

Front 21

3 layers of cerebellar cortex from deep to superficial

Back 21

granule cell layer
purkinje cell layer
molecular layer

Front 22

molecular layer contains ___ (3)

Back 22

granule cell axons
purkinje cell dendrites
interneurons

Front 23

2 kinds of cerebellar input fiber types

Back 23

mossy fibers
climbing fibers

Front 24

mossy fibers synapse on ___s

Back 24

granule cells

Front 25

granule cell axons give off ___s in the molecular layer

Back 25

parallel fibers

Front 26

parallel fibers run in plane of ___ and perpendicular to ___, with which they synapse

Back 26

surface of folium
dendrites of purkinje cells

Front 27

synapses from parallel fibers to purkinje cells are excitatory/inhibitory

Back 27

excitatory

Front 28

purkinje cells synapse on ___s

Back 28

deep nuclei

Front 29

synapses from purkinje cells on deep nuclei are excitatory/inhibitory

Back 29

inhibitory

Front 30

climbing fibers start in ___

Back 30

contralateral inferior olivary nucleus

Front 31

climbing fibers grow along axon of ___

Back 31

purkinje cell

Front 32

climbing fibers synapse on approximately ___ purkinje cells

Back 32

10

Front 33

synapse from climbing fiber on purkinje cell is excitatory/inhibitory

Back 33

excitatory

Front 34

each purkinje cells receives synapses from ___ climbing fibers

Back 34

1

Front 35

3 kinds of cerebellar interneurons

Back 35

stellate
Golgi
basket

Front 36

stellate cells are located in ___ layer
Golgi cells are located in ___ layer
basket cells are located in ___ layer

Back 36

molecular
granule cell
molecular

Front 37

basket fibers have dendrites oriented ___ly
their axons terminate on ___
this does ___

Back 37

perpendicular to parallel fibers of molecular layer
purkinje cells
lateral inhibition of purkinje cells

Front 38

golgi cells receive inputs from ___
their axons terminate on ___
this does ___

Back 38

parallel fibers of molecular layer
granule cells
feedback inhibition on granule cells

Front 39

cerebellar glomeruli are located in ___ layer

Back 39

granule cell

Front 40

cerebellar glomeruli have ___ (2) as inputs and ___ as terminus

Back 40

mossy fiber
golgi cell axon
granule cell dendrite

Front 41

on microscopy, cerebellar glomeruli look like ___s

Back 41

clearings among granule cells

Front 42

lesions of ___ cerebellum cause ipsilateral deficit because of ___

Back 42

lateral and intermediate
both input and output pathways involve double decussation

Front 43

all cerebellar output pathways project to ___ (2)

Back 43

cortex
medulla

Front 44

cerebellar outputs project to cortex through ___

Back 44

contralateral VL pars caudalis of thalamus

Front 45

VL projects to ___ (5) cortices

Back 45

motor
premotor
SMA
parietal lobe
PFC

Front 46

lateral and intermediate cerebellar output projects to medulla through ___

Back 46

contralateral red nucleus

Front 47

lateral cerebellar outputs all project through ___

Back 47

dentate nucleus

Front 48

lateral cerebellar outputs project from dentate nucleus to medulla through ___

Back 48

parvocellular red nucleus

Front 49

parvocellular red nucleus is the ___ part

Back 49

rostral

Front 50

intermediate cerebellar outputs all project through ___

Back 50

interposed nuclei

Front 51

intermediate cerebellar outputs project to medulla through ___

Back 51

magnocellular red nucleus

Front 52

magnocellular red nucleus gives rise to ___

Back 52

rubrospinal tract

Front 53

parvocellular red nucleus projects to ___ in medulla via ___

Back 53

inferior olivary nucleus
central tegmental tract

Front 54

first neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects to ___

Back 54

lateral cerebellum
dentate nucleus

Front 55

2nd neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects vis ___ to ___

Back 55

dentate nucleus
superior cerebellar peduncle
contralateral parvocellular red nucleus

Front 56

3rd neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects via ___ to ___

Back 56

parvocellular red nucleus
central tegmental tract
inferior olivary nucleus

Front 57

4th neuron in triangle of Guillain-Mollaret has soma in ___ and projects via ___ to ___

Back 57

inferior olivary nucleus
inferior cerebellar peduncle (climbing fibers)
contralateral lateral cerebellum

Front 58

triangle of Guillain-Mollaret is aka ___

Back 58

myoclonic triangle

Front 59

lesion of triangle of Guillain-Mollaret can cause ___ which presents with ___

Back 59

hypertrophic olivary degeneration
palatal myoclonus

Front 60

T/F: projections from lateral and intermediate cerebellum go to distinct parts of VL

Back 60

true

Front 61

2 kinds of medial cerebellar outputs

Back 61

superior vermis
inferior vermis + flocculonodular lobe

Front 62

cerebellar outputs from superior vermis all project through ___

Back 62

fastigial nuclei

Front 63

cerebellar outputs from superior vermis project to ipsilateral medulla via ___ and contralateral medulla via ___

Back 63

juxtarestiform body
uncinate fasciculus

Front 64

superior vermis projects to ___ in ipsilateral medulla

Back 64

vestibular nuclei
reticular formation

Front 65

superior vermis projects to ___ in contralateral medulla

Back 65

vestibular nuclei

Front 66

juxtarestiform body is visible at ___

Back 66

lateral wall of 4th ventricle

Front 67

inferior cerebellum and flocculonodular lobe all project via ___ to ___

Back 67

juxtarestiform body
ipsilateral vestibular nuclei

Front 68

T/F: no cerebellar outputs project to lower motor neurons

Back 68

false: some fastigial projection to upper C cord

Front 69

all cerebellar inputs except those from ___ are via ___

Back 69

inferior olivary nuclei
mossy fibers

Front 70

cerebellar inputs from inferior olivary nucleus are carried via ___

Back 70

climibing fibers

Front 71

cortical inputs to cerebellum project first to ___

Back 71

ipsilateral pontine nuclei

Front 72

pontine nuclei project to contralateral cerebellum via ___

Back 72

middle cerebellar peduncle

Front 73

spinal inputs to cerebellum travel via ___

Back 73

spinocerebellar tracts

Front 74

4 spinocerebellar tracts

Back 74

dorsal SCT
cuneocerebellar tract
ventral SCT
rostral SCT

Front 75

dorsal SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 75

leg proprioceptors

Front 76

ventral SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 76

leg interneurons

Front 77

rostral SCT carries inputs from ___

Back 77

arm interneurons

Front 78

cuneocerebellar tract carries inputs from ___

Back 78

arm proprioceptors

Front 79

soma of 1st neuron in dorsal SCT is in ___
it projects to ___ (2)

Back 79

leg DRG proprioceptor
fasciculus gracilis
nucleus dorsalis of clark

Front 80

nucleus dorsalis of clark is located at ___ (on axial slice)
its rostro-caudal extent is from ___ to ___

Back 80

antero-medial aspect of posterior grey horn
C8
L2 or L3

Front 81

soma of 2nd neuron in dorsal SCT is in ___
it projects via ___ to ___

Back 81

nucleus dorsalis of clark
inferior cerebellar peduncle
ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 82

in spinal cord, dorsal SCT runs in the ___

Back 82

dorsolateral funiculus

Front 83

soma of 1st neuron in cuneocerebellar tract is in ___
it projects via ___ to ___

Back 83

arm DRG proprioceptor
fasciculus cuneatus
external nucleus cuneatus

Front 84

soma of 2nd neuron in cuneocerebellar tract is in ___
it projects via ___ to ___

Back 84

external nucleus cuneatus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 85

soma of 1st neuron in ventral SCT tract is in ___ (2)
it projects via ___ to ___

Back 85

spinal border cells
intermediate zone
superior cerebellar peduncle
ipsilateral cerebellar cortex

Front 86

spinal border cells are located in ___

Back 86

outer edge of central grey

Front 87

ventral SCT decussates at ___

Back 87

AWC and after entering cerebellum via superior peduncle

Front 88

anterior aspect of cerebellum is primarily perfused by ___

Back 88

AICA

Front 89

posterior cerebellum is primarily perfused by ___

Back 89

SCA and PICA

Front 90

cerebellar infarcts occur primarily in ___ (2) territories

Back 90

SCA
PICA

Front 91

cerebellar infarcts sparing the brainstem are primarily in ___ territory

Back 91

SCA

Front 92

5 extra-cerebellar lesions which cause ataxia (or similar symptoms)

Back 92

pons
PFC
lacunar ataxia hemiparesis
dorsal column (sensory ataxia)
other SC