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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which sugar is added to the subterminal Gal in group A RBCs?
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N-acetyl-galactosamine
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Which sugar is added to the subterminal Gal in group B RBCs?
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Galactose
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What is the difference between A1 and A2 individuals?
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A1 RBCs have 1x10^6 epitopes/RBC while A2 have 5x10^5 epitopes/RBC
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What is a B(A) phenotype?
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An autosomal dominant phenotype characterized by weak A expression on group B cells. It is caused by B glycosyltransferase with an increased capacity to use UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in addition to UDP-galactose, resulting in detectable A antigen synthesis.
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What is an acquired B phenotype?
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Transient B phenotype in A individuals caused by infections with enteric bacteria with deacetylase enzyme capable of converting A antigent to B-like analog.
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What is the predominant isotype in group A and group B individuals?
What is the predominant isotype in group O individuals? |
IgM
IgG (that's why hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is more common in type O individuals) |
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When is reverse or serum grouping not required?
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1) For confirmation testing of labeled, previously typed donor cells
2) For infants less than 4 months old (isoagglutinins are not present at birth and develop only after 2 to 6 months of age). |
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Order the Rh antigens based on their immunogenicity.
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D>c>E
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Patients with weak D should get D positive or D negative Red Blood Cells?
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D positive
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Patients with partial D should receive D positive or D negative Red Blood Cells?
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D negative as they are at risk for production of anti-D
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What kind of blood do Anti-G patients need to receive?
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D-C- (Anti-G crossreacts with D+ and C+ red blood cells)
Note; Provide RhIG to obstetric patients with anti-G to prevent immunization to D when indicated (i.e. pregnant woman is D-C- and appears to have anti-D and anti-C, but because of anti-G, she is stimulated by the C antigen, and the infant is potentially D+) |
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What are the two most clinically relevant Rh antibodies?
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Anti-D and Anti-c (the others do not cause HDFN)
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What is the most common isotype of Rh antibodies?
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IgG (hence Rh antibodies do not activate complement and thus cause primarily extravascular rather than intravascular hemolysis).
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