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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood
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It is the circulatory and lymphatic system that provide transportation and protection. Transportation and Protection are two vital roles that the body must perform. Without them the bodies homeostasis would be greatly threatened. The lymphatic system is responsible for maintaining fluid balance and protects the internal environment of the body. Blood is a red viscous fluid that has 3 main functions;
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Blood is a red viscous fluid that has 3 main functions;
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1.Transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and removes waste products. It also transports hormones to tissues or cells.
2.Regulates the acid-base balance that is responsible for body temperature control. 3.Protects the body from invasion of infection and prevents excessive blood loss through clotting factors that is contains. |
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Blood Groups
Blood Donation |
In Australia 1 in 30 people actually donate blood
Majority of blood is used for cancer patients (see table below) Also trauma, burns and surgical patients A constant blood supply from donors is needed due to the products short shelf life platelets - up to 5 days red cells - 42 days plasma - up to one year |
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Whole blood donation occurs in different ways
Pool: |
blood bank collects and stores the blood in a pool and dispenses to hospitals as required and this is the most common type of donation
whole blood red blood cell platelets plasma |
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Direct:
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from a particular person to a patient: may be a relative
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Autologous:
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transfusions from people who have had their own blood removed to be transfused back into them at a later time (e.g. surgery)
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Testing of Donated blood
Routine test are done to determine BLOOD TYPE |
Critical in selecting compatible blood for a patient in need of a transfusion.
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ANTIBODY DETECTION TEST
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Antibodies found in the donors blood can cause problems in the donor.
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TESTS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
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Screening of donated blood for infectious diseases is very important to ensuring safety of the patient receiving the donated blood product
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus- HTLV Hepatitis: B & C HIV/AIDs Syphilis: presence of an antibody to the organism Treponema pallidum Organism is weak and may be destroyed during storage Malaria: if donor has travelled O/S |
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Blood Groups
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The surfaces of RBC contain genetically determined by glycolipid antigens which determine what blood group a person is:
Based on the presence or absence of these antigens blood groups are determined There are 2 major blood groups |
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There are 2 major blood groups
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ABO and Rhesus
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ABO
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Blood Group Type A: has Antigen A on RBC surface (38% of Aust)
Blood Group Type B: has Antigen B on RBC surface (10% of Aust) Blood Group Type AB: has both Antigen A & Antigen B on RBC surface (3% of Aust) Blood Group Type O: don’t have either A or B antigen on RBC surface (49% of Aust) |
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People with Type O
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can usually donate blood to all blood type recipients but cannot receive blood from any of the other blood groups
NOTE: There are other factors that can cause a possible transfusion reaction with the type O plasma A & B antibodies so O blood is usually only given to other blood group types in emergency situations |
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UNIVERSAL DONOR:
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Type O have no antigens on the RBC surface to react with antibodies in the plasma of A, B or AB recipients so can be given to all blood group types
NOTE: There are other factors that can cause a possible transfusion reaction with the type O plasma A & B antibodies so O blood is usually only given to other blood group types in emergency situations |
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UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT:
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Type AB can recieve blood from all types as it has no antibodies in the plasma that will react with the antigens on the donors blood
NOTE: There are other factors that can cause a possible transfusion reaction with the type O plasma A & B antibodies so O blood is usually only given to other blood group types in emergency situations |
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Rhesus Factor
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The antigen was discovered on the rhesus monkey
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Some people on their RBC have the Rh (D) antigen Rh +ve
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Those that don’t have the antigen are Rh –ve
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Majority of people are Rh positive
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Designated with the ABO groups
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Plasma normally does not contain anti-Rh antibodies
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Unless Rh –ve person is exposed to Rh positive blood
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If Rh-ve person receives Rh +ve blood immune system will make anti-Rh antibodies
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Anti-Rh antibodies will remain in the plasma
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If another exposure occurs a blood transfusion reaction will occur
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Agglutination & haemolysis of donated RBC occurs
They burst & release Hb A severe reaction then occurs |
