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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does blood do? |
1. transportation - oxygen, nutrients, waste 2. regulation - temperature, acid-base, fluid (electrolyte balance) 3. protection - against infection and bleeding |
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whole blood |
3-5 times thicker than water |
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Blood PH |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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plasma |
-mostly water -clear yellowish liquid |
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formed elements |
RBC - erythrocytes WBC - leukocytes platelets - thrombocytes |
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where are blood cells made? |
stem cell - parent of all blood cells |
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3 cell making processes |
erythropoiesis leukopoiesis thrombopoiesis |
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-poiesis |
makes |
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where does cell developing occur? |
bone marrow |
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bone marrow depression |
occurs if bone marrow cannot produce enough blood cells -aka myelosuppression |
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myelosuppression results: |
1. aplastic anemia 2. leukopenia 3. thrombocytopenia 4. pancytopenia |
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aplastic anemia |
RBC defiecency |
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Leukopenia |
WBC deficiency |
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Thrombocytopenia |
platelet deficiency |
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pancytopenia |
depression of all blood |
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polycythemia |
too many RBC |
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RBC: 1. function 2. aka 3. immature 4. # 5. Conatins |
1. carry oxygen 2. erythrocytes 3. retics 4. 4.5-6.0 million 5. contains: hemoglobin |
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heme |
carries iron |
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globin |
shames RBC protein |
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hematocrit |
- measures RBC and checks for anemia - fluid effects amount - increased fluid = less hct - decreased fluid = more hct |
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hct |
hematocrit |
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oxyhemoglobin |
- oxygen binds loosely with iron - makes blood bright red |
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lack of oxygen |
makes blood bluish red |
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sign of hypoxemia |
cyanosis |
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Negative feedback |
enough is a enough reached homeostasis |
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RBC production: Low oxygen... |
-sends signal to kidney -kidney signals bone marrow to make more RBC -RBC # increase -oxygen level increases |
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hemolysis |
bursting of RBC |
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RBC hemolysis |
-RBC is broken down into hemoglobin -hemoglobin broken down into heme & globin -recycled |
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Hemolytic Jaundice |
-rapid breakdown of RBCs -hyperbillirubinemia (too much billirubin) -yellow stained tissue |
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WBC 1. # 2. aka 3. function |
1. 5,000-10,000 microliter 2. leukocytes 3. protect the body against infection and inflammation |
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What can WBC do that RBC's can't? |
leave the blood vessels to be able to go to site of infection or inflammation |
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sign of infection |
increased WBC |
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how does WBC's get rid of infection? |
destroy and removed bacteria |
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leukopenia |
deficency in WBC |
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leukocytosis |
increase amount with infection |
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leukemia |
uncontrolled leukocyte production (too many) |
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Neutrophils & role |
-most common granulocyte -phagocytosis -1st one on scene of injury- quickly move to the site of infection, where they phagocytose and remove tissue debris |
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WBCs: Naughty Little Monkeys Eat Bananas says GRANpa BEN |
1. neutrophils 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes 4. eosinophils 5. basophils 6. GRANulocytes 7. Basophils 8. eosinophils 9. neutrophils |
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Plateltes 1. # 2. Function 3. aka |
1. 150,000 - 450,000 2. prevent blood loss 3. thrombocytes |
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thrombocytopenia |
decrease platelets - causing excess bleeding |
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Blood Counts: CBC |
- provides information about blood composition - shows percentage of the different types of WBCs |
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Blood Counts: Differential counts |
shows percentage of each WBC type |
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Hemostasis: Function & Steps |
- prevention of blood loss 1. Spasm 2. Platelet plug 3. Clot |
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Formation of a Blood Clot |
- injury produces prothrombin activator (PTA) - PTA activates prothrombin to form thrombin - thrombin activates fibrinogen to form fibrin fibers (clot) |
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Things needed to make blood clot |
PTA, Calcium, prothrombin, thrombin, fibrinogen |
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anticoagulants |
prevent coagulation |
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4 types of blood |
A, B, AB, O |
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Universal recipident |
AB |
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Universal Donor |
O |
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Antigen-Antibody Interaction |
blood clumps in response to interactions between antigens and antibodies |
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agglutination |
blood clumps |
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prevent agglutination? |
donor and recipient blood typed and cross-matched |
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Rh+ |
people with Rh factor |
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Rh- |
those without Rh factor |
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Why is being Rh- bad? |
- after first exposure to Rh factor, body creates antibody - Rh- mother baby is Rh+ - first child is ok - second child (due to first child exposing mother) mother's blood attacks baby's Rh+ blood |
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true universal donor |
O- |
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true univeral recipient |
AB+ |
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erythroblastosis fetalis |
mother is Rh- and baby is Rh+ and mother's blood attacks baby |
