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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood Supply of Internal Capsule |
Genu - Internal Carotid PL - Lenticulostriate (MCA) and Anterior Choroidal AL - Lenticulostriate (MCA) and Medial Striate |
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Blood Supply of Crus Cerebri |
PCA (Quadrigeminal and Posterior Choroidal) |
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Blood Supply of Medulla |
Anterior Spinal |
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Reticulospinal info |
Major alt route to CST Acts to reflexively control posturing Postural adjustments before movement of limbs etc. Arises from pontine and medullary RF |
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Reticulospinal deficits |
Loss of CST and medial RF --> Loss of axial control Loss of CST and lateral RF --> Loss of independent use of arms |
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Rubrospinal |
Alternative route for voluntary movement, plays role in fine movements of hands and fingers Travels in lateral funiculus **Decussates immediately after leaving RN |
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Tectospinal |
Originates in Superior Colliculus and goes to cervical in anterior funiculus Aids in reflex turning of head in response to visual stimuli etc Decussates after leaving SC |
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Vestibulospinal |
Maintain posture and reflexes by controlling midline extensor muscles. Lateral VST (ipsilateral) keeps center of gravity between feet Medial VST (primarily ipsilateral) provides stable platform for eyes. |
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Corticobulbar (Corticofugal) |
Originates from head, neck, and face areas of motor cortex. Focusing on Facial and Hypoglossal nuclei Facial - Upper is bilateral, Lower (nuclei and actual face) is *Contralateral* Hypoglossal - UMN - contra LMN - ipsi Crossed for both genioglossal and uvula (soft palate) |
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Symptoms of UMN lesion |
Spasticity Weakness Hyperreflexia Clonus Large groups of muscles affected Babinski sign/ Bing sign Loss of Abdominal and Cremasteric reflexes |
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Lesions of pyrimidal CST primarily affects: |
Fingers |
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Lesions of Internal Capsule affect: |
Corticoreticular tract - leads to spasticity (increased tone and muscle stretch reflex) |
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LMN Symptoms |
Degeneration of (Upper) and Lower Motor neurons Atrophy Weakness - flaccid, paralysis Decreased/absent tone and reflexes Fasiculations |
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Examples of LMN damage |
Polio, ALS |
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Edinger-Westphal nucleus |
Pupil constriction and lens accommodation |
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Lesion of oculomotor nucleus |
Drooping of upper eyelid Pupil is pulled down and out Double vision Dilated pupil (mydriasis) Loss of lens accommodation needed for near sight |
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Dilated pupil - name and cause |
Mydriasis - lesion of oculomotor nucleus |
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How to tell difference b/w rostral and caudal midbrain (and midbrain itself) |
Midbrain - looking for red nucleus and SN, colliculi and crus cerebri - ALSO cerebral aqueduct. Rostral - Sup. Coll. no decussation Caudal - Inf. Coll. - Superior Cerebellar Ped. are decussating |
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Location of Oculomotor and E-W nuclei |
Midline, dorsal and medial to Red. |
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Rostral Pons from Mid and Caudal |
Rostral - 4th ventricle is small, SCPs are joining tegmentum Mid - 4th is wider, contains primary sensory nucleus of CN-V along with motor nucleus of V |
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How to tell caudal medulla from rostral |
Caudal - Can see posterior nuclei and their arcuate fibers Rostral - Can see inferior olivary nucleus and pyramids. |
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Functions of Cerebellum |
Coordinates voluntary movements Maintains equilibrium Controls muscle tone and posture Coordinates head and eye movements Essential for motor learning |
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Subdivisions of the cerebellum and functions |
Lateral hemisphere - Motor planning for extremities - Lateral CST Medial hemisphere - Distal limb coordination - Lateral CST and Rubrospinal Vermis and flocculonodular lobe - 1) Proximal limb and trunk coordination - Anterior CST, Reticulospinal, Vestibulospinal, Tectospinal 2) Balance and Vestibulo-ocular reflexes- Medial longitudinal fasciculous (mostly median VS and TecSpin |
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3 Functional Subdivisions |
Vestibulocerebellar Spinocerebellar Cerebrocerebellar |
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Vestibulocerebellum Inputs Outputs Functions |
Inputs: CN 8 directly Vestibular nuclei Lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, visual cortex Outputs: Medial and Lateral Vestibular Nuclei Reticular Formation Function: Controlling equilibrium and balance Coordinates head and eye movements |
