Block 1 Info

Front 1

erect with heels and toes together, palms forward, thumbs out (considered to be 0o for most joints except forearm)

Back 1

anatomical position

Front 2

Quadruped position assumed by

Back 2

i.Flex hips and arms to 90
ii.Laterally rotate hips
iii.Rotate forarms to neutral position
iv.Extend wrists
v.Quadruped position aligns peripheral body structures with the spinal levels which innervate them! (i.e. the innervation of the thumb is higher than the innervation of the pinky)

Front 3

splits body into equal right and left portions

Back 3

Median/midsagittal

Front 4

parallel to midsagittal; splits body into unequal right and left portions

Back 4

Sagittal/parasagittal

Front 5

splits body into anterior and posterior portions

Back 5

Coronal/frontal

Front 6

splits body into superior and inferior portions (can be thru arm/extremities, not always thru the trunk)

Back 6

Horizontal/transverse

Front 7

, spine, sternum, ribs, clavicle (trunk & head)

Back 7

axial skeleton

Front 8

limb girdles and limbs (hip, shoulder, arm, leg, hands, feet)

Back 8

Appendicular skeleton

Front 9

arm (humerus) forearm (radius and ulna) hand

Back 9

upper limb

Front 10

thigh (femur) leg (tibia and fibula) foot

Back 10

Lower limb

Front 11

all along long axis

Back 11

longitudinal

Front 12

cross sections

Back 12

tansverse

Front 13

diaginal cross section, slicing through anatomical body

Back 13

oblique

Front 14

rotational mvmt in saggital plane bringing ventral surfaces toward another

Back 14

flexion/extension

Front 15

away or toward

Back 15

abduction/adduction

Front 16

bone landmarks:
linear elevation

Back 16

line, ridge, crest

Front 17

bone landmarks:
rounded elevations

Back 17

tubercle, protuberance, trochanter, tuberosity, mallelus

Front 18

bone landmarks:
sharp elevtions

Back 18

spine, process

Front 19

bone landmarks:
articular areas

Back 19

facet, head, condyle

Front 20

bone landmarks:
depressions

Back 20

fossa, groove, scapular notch

Front 21

bone landmarks:
hole through bone

Back 21

foramen, canal

Front 22

suture, syndesmosis

flat bones of cranuum, interosseus membrane btwn radius and ulna

no mvmt

Back 22

fibrous joint

Front 23

synchondrosis, symphysis

epiphyseal growth plate, pubic symphysis, manubriosternal joint, intervertebral discs

all along midline

limited mvmt

Back 23

cartilaginous joints

Front 24

joints with a great range of motion

Back 24

synovial joints

Front 25

connects muscle to bone

Back 25

tendon/ aponeurosis

Front 26

acts on moveable joints, preforms or helps perfrom same joint motion as the agonist

Back 26

synergist

Front 27

prevents any unecessary movement, stabilizes one part of body while the other is in motion

Back 27

fixator

Front 28

cervical dermatome level

Back 28

upper limbs

Front 29

lumbar dermatome level

Back 29

anterior leg and greater toe

Front 30

sacral dermatome level

Back 30

pinky toe, genetalia and anus

Front 31

what is innervated by the posterior/dorsal primary ramus?

Back 31

all true back muscles (deep)

Front 32

what is innercated by the anterior/ventral primary ramus?

Back 32

superficial back muscles

Front 33

are primary rami motor or sensory or both?

Back 33

both

Front 34

are nerve rootes motor, sensory, or both?

Back 34

either motor OR sensory

Front 35

name the superficial structures of the back from superficial to deep

Back 35

epidermis, dermis, superficial fascia, deep fascia, musclature

Front 36

what are teh two superficial back muscles?

Back 36

trapezius and latissimus dorsi

Front 37

what is the trapezious innervated by?

Back 37

spinal accessory n, and spinal n c3&4

Front 38

where does the trapezious originate?

Back 38

ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-t12

Front 39

where does the trapezious insert?

Back 39

spine of scapula, acromion, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Front 40

what action does the trapezious do?

Back 40

moved the pectoral girdle

extends the head, elevates, retract upwardly rotate and depress the scapula

Front 41

what is the latissimus dorsi innervated by?

Back 41

thoracodorsal nerve

Front 42

where does the latissimus dorsi originate from?

Back 42

spinous processes of t6 and lower, thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest and lower ribs

Front 43

where does the latissimus dorsi instert?

Back 43

onto the floor of the interubercular groove of the humerous

Front 44

what is the action performed by latissimus dorsi?

Back 44

extend, adduct, and medially rotate the arm

Front 45

what 2 muscles comprise the deeper layer of back muscles

Back 45

rhomboid major and minor and levator scapulae

Front 46

what does teh dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

Back 46

rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae

Front 47

where do the rhomboids originate

Back 47

spinous processes of c7-t5

Front 48

where do the rhomboids insert?

Back 48

medial border of the scapula

Front 49

what action do the rhomboids perform?

Back 49

retract and downwardly rotate the scapula

Front 50

what muscles comprise the deepest layer of the superficial muscles of the back?

Back 50

serratus posterior minor and major

Front 51

what muscles on the back do branches of the intercostal n innervate?

Back 51

serratus posterior superior and inferior

Front 52

where can serratus posterior superior be found?

Back 52

deep to rhomboids

Front 53

what does serratus posterior superior do?

Back 53

weakly elevate the upper ribs

Front 54

where can serratus posterior inferior be found

Back 54

deep to latissimus dorsi

Front 55

what does serratus posterior inferior do?

Back 55

depresses lower ribs

Front 56

what are the true deep back muscles contained in?

Back 56

thoracocolumbar fascia

Front 57

what occupies the space btwn spinous processes of vertebrae and angles of the ribs?

Back 57

true deep back muscles

Front 58

what are teh only muscles that are supplied by posterior primary rami?

Back 58

true deep back muscles

Front 59

what muscles' superficial components diverge cranially, act together to extend the spine but unilaterally to laterally flec or rotate teh spine/head toward the ipsilateral side?

Back 59

true deep back muscles

Front 60

where does splenious capitis and cervices originate from?

Back 60

inferior hald of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of cervicals and upper thoracics

Front 61

where does splenious capitis insert?

Back 61

mastoid process/occipital bone

Front 62

where does splenious cervices insert?

Back 62

transverse processes of upper cervicals

Front 63

OILS are part of what muscle group?

Back 63

sacrospinalis (erector spinae)

Front 64

What does OILS stand for?

Back 64

Outside
Illiocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Front 65

what muscles converge cranially, act together to extend the spine, but seperately to rotate the spine toward the contralateral side?

Back 65

deeper, intrinsic componenets (transversospinalis group)

Front 66

where does teh semispinalis capitis, cervicis and thoracis originate from?

Back 66

upper half of spine

Front 67

what does the semispinalis capitis, cervicis and thoracis do?

Back 67

important in holding the head up

Front 68

what muscle is heaviest in the lumbar region of the spine, whose fibers typically span 3 segments and caudally attach at mammillary process but cranially at spinous processes

Back 68

multifidus

Front 69

what muscles are deep and short and cross one are 2 spaces, are unisegmental and stabilize rather than produce movement?

Back 69

rotatores

Front 70

what does longus mean?

Back 70

crosses 2 spaces

Front 71

what does brevis mean?

Back 71

crosses one segement

Front 72

what muscles are not actually back muscles, are a series of 12, are rib elevators, have longus and brevis segments, superomedially attach at a tip of a transverse process, inferiorly attach at the outer surface of a rib and are innervated by an intercostal nerve?

Back 72

levatores costarum

Front 73

what does the superficial fascia of the neck contain?

Back 73

platysma

Front 74

what muscle lines the superficial thorax and functions to move the skin, is continuous with muscles of facial expression and is innervated by CN VII (facial n)?

Back 74

platysma

Front 75

what layer of neck fascia encircles the entire neck, splits to enclose the SCM and trapezious muscles?

Back 75

deep fascia

Front 76

what layer of neck fascia surrounds the posterior compartment of the neck, contains cervical spinal column and its muscles?

Back 76

prevertebral fascia

Front 77

what layer of neck fascia contains the trachea, esophagus, and thyroid gland (anterior portion of the neck)?

Back 77

pretracheal fascia

Front 78

what layer of neck fascia contains the common carotid a, internal jugular vein and CN X (vagus n)

Back 78

carotid sheath

Front 79

describe the pathway of the vertebral artery

Back 79

arises from subclavian artery
ascends through transverse foramino of upper 6 cervicals, passes medially over superior surface of persterior arch on the atlas, peirces dura mater, enters the skull via for formen magnum

Front 80

what does the vertebral artery supply?

Back 80

vertebrobasilar system; brainstem cerebellum and occipital lobe

Front 81

describe the pathway of the spinal accesory nerve

Back 81

arises from C1-5 level
ascends through formen magnm, descends to pass out of the skull via jugular foramen to supply SCM and trapezious

Front 82

what nerve is a major landmark of the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 82

spinal accessory nerve

Front 83

what 3 muscles create the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 83

superior oblique, inferior oblique and rectus capitis posterior major

Front 84

which muscle is from the transverse process of atlas to the skull?

Back 84

superior oblique

Front 85

which muscle is fromt he spine of axis to the transverse process of atlas and can rotate the atlas and head ipsilaterally?

Back 85

inferior oblique

Front 86

which muscle is from the spine of axis to the skull?

Back 86

rectus capitis posterior major

Front 87

what are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 87

suboccipital nerve, vertebral artery

Front 88

what does the suboccipital nerve innervate?

Back 88

superior oblique, inferior oblique, rectus capitis posterior minor and major, overlying segment of semispinalis capitis

MOTOR FIBERS ONLY

Front 89

what makes up the roof of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 89

deep surface of semispinalis capitis

Front 90

what composes the floor of the suboccipital ltriangle?

Back 90

posterior arch of atlas and atlanto-occipital membrane

Front 91

where does the occipital artery enter the suboccipital triangle region?

Back 91

just lateral to the superior oblique

Front 92

where does SCM originate and insert?

Back 92

inserts on mastoid process
originates onto sternum and clavicle

Front 93

what is the function of SCM?

Back 93

protaect major blood vessels win carotid sheath
sperates anterior and posterior cervical triangles
both contract: flex cervical spine
unilateral contraction: produces ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the head

Front 94

aka wry neck or loxia, which is a condition in whcih the neck is twisted so that the head is tilted to one side with the chin pointed in the opposite direction

Back 94

torticollis

Front 95

why is the posterior cervical triangle important?

Back 95

key position as the gateway to the upper limbs
upper limbs, diaphragm all develop int he neck and carry their nerve innervations with them as they grow and this pattern is shown in the posterior cervical triangle

Front 96

what are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle

Back 96

trapezius, SCM and clavicle

Front 97

what crosses the posterior cervical triangle to sepreate it into the superior carefree zone and the inferior careful zone

Back 97

spinal accessory n

Front 98

what muscles's inferior portion is found in the inferior portion of the triangle

Back 98

omohyoid

Front 99

what superficial structures of the posterior cervical triangle emerge from the posterior edge of the SCM?

Back 99

greater auricular n (accompanies external jugular)
lesser occipital n (to scalp)
transverse cervical n

Front 100

what superficial structure of the posterior cervical triangle emerge and go downward from c3-c4?

Back 100

medial supraclavicular n
lateral superclavicular n
intermediate superclavicular n

Front 101

what are the superficial structure of the posterior cervical triangle? (8)

Back 101

external jugular v
cutaneous n
greateer auricular n
lesser occipital n
transverse cervical n
medial supraclavicular n
lateral supraclavicular n
intermediate superclavicular n

Front 102

what are the muscles deep to the floor of the posterior cervical triangle? (5)

Back 102

spelnius
small portion of semispinalis capitis
levator scauplae
scalenus anterior
subclavius

Front 103

what muscles that are deep to the floor of the posterior cervical triangle are supplied by posterior primary rami?

Back 103

splenius
semispinalis capitis

Front 104

what muscles that are deep to the floor of the posterior cervical triangle are supplied by anterior primary rami?

Back 104

leavator scapulae
scalenus anterior
subclavius

Front 105

what important nerve emerges btwn scalenus anterior and scalenus medius in the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 105

upper part of the brachial plexus

Front 106

what important nerve descends on the anterior surface of scalenus anterior in the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 106

phrenic nerve

Front 107

what blood vessel passes anterior to scalenus anterior and drains the upper limb? in the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 107

sublclavian v

Front 108

what blood vessel passes behind scalenus anterior and is protexted from trauma by scalenus' position in the front?

Back 108

subclavian a

Front 109

what blood vessel arises fromt he thyrocervical trunk and supplie muscles on the posterior surface of the scapula in the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 109

suprascapular a

Front 110

what blood vessel arises from the the thyrocervical trunk which is a branch of the subclavian a in the posterior cervical triangle?

Back 110

superficial cervical a

Front 111

about 1/3 of the time BLANK and BLANK arise from theyrocervical trunck and together are teh transverse cervical artery which then splits into a superficial branch, BLANK, and a deep branch, BLANK

Back 111

superficial: superficial cervical a
deep: dorsal scapular a

Front 112

which part of the spine keeps the original curvatures from early on in development?

Back 112

thoracic and scaral

Front 113

which part of the spine develops a secondary curvature?

Back 113

cervical and lumbar

Front 114

how many vertebrae do adults have

Back 114

24

Front 115

how many vertebrae do children have?

Back 115

33

Front 116

how are teh vertebrae in adults seperated?

Back 116

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacral
4 coccygeal

Front 117

what is an exaggerated thoracic curve often seen in old age?

Back 117

kyphosis

Front 118

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
anterior componenet, largeley cylindrical, flat on top and bottom

Back 118

vertebral body

Front 119

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
bar of bone projecting posteriorly from the boy- forms anterolateral part of the neural arch

Back 119

pedicles

Front 120

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
plates of bone that contunue posteriorly from pedcles- fuse in median plane to complete the neural arch

Back 120

laminae

Front 121

what is the condition in which laminae fail to close; in more severe cases, out-pouching of meninges and neural tissue can occur

Back 121

spina bifida

Front 122

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
extend posteriorly from pt of union of laminae- bumps that you can palpate down the spine

Back 122

spinous processes

Front 123

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
lateral extensions of the vertebra from pt of unions btwn laminar and pedicle-along with spinous processes serve as major pt of attachement for muscles and ligaments

Back 123

transverse processes

Front 124

what part of a typical vertebra is this:
project superiorly and inferiorly from jnt of pedicles and laminae- surface of BLANK of superior BLANK faces somewhat posteriorly while the BLANK of the inferior BLANK faces anteriorly

Back 124

articular processes

Front 125

ring of bone with two lateral masses with superior and inferior facets
no body no spinus processes- instead have anterior and posterior tubercle

Back 125

atlas C1

Front 126

large dens (odontoid process) which projects superiorly to articulate with the atlas

(spinal cord is just posterior to dens, so stability with respect to the skull and atlas is very important)

Back 126

axis (C2)

Front 127

bifid spinus processes
short transverse processes
transverse foramina for vertebral a
lateral elevations on superior surface of body=uncinate processes- bowl shaped appearence

Back 127

lower 5 cervical vertebrae

C7 does not have a bifid spinus process

Front 128

articular facets for ribs
articular cartilage located on perterolateral parts of vertebral bodies and transverse processes
long, downward sloping spinus processes

Back 128

thoracic vertebrae

Front 129

large bodies
no transverse foramina
no costal facets
rectangular spinous processes
mammillary processes )for attachment of multifidis)

Back 129

lumbar vertebrae

Front 130

which ligament:
runs from c7-sacrum
connects apices of spinous processes
easily palpated bc its subcutaneous
most posterior ligament

Back 130

supraspinous ligament

Front 131

which ligament:
is relatively weak, and runs directly btwn spinous processes

Back 131

interspinous ligament

Front 132

which ligament:
very elastic connective tissue
connects neighboring vertebrae
lamina to lamina
spring returns
built in chiropractor
stretch during spinal flexion
prevent pinching of dura mater btwn laminae during extension

Back 132

ligamenta flava

Front 133

which ligament:
posterior to weight bearing pillar of spine
not posterior to actual spinal cord
runs along posterior surgaces of vertebral bodies and discs
narrows from L1 to S1 so that it is only 1/2 as wide at low lumbar, which explains high number of lumbar disc herniations

Back 133

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 134

high cervical continuation of posterior longitdinal ligament, just posterior to ligaments

Back 134

tectorial membrane

Front 135

which ligament:
very strong and wide
runs along anterior ascpect of anterior pillar of spine
only ligament with function to RESTRICT HYPTEREXTENSION of the spine

Back 135

anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 136

which ligament:
from apex of dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum

Back 136

apical ligament

Front 137

which ligament:
from lateral aspects of dens to medial aspects of occipital condyles (wings)

Back 137

alar ligaments

Front 138

which ligament:
runs posterior to dens to attach to tubercles at medial aspects of lateral masses of atlas
represents horizontal componenet of cruciate (cruciform) ligament

Back 138

transverse ligament of axis

Front 139

outermost meminge
tough, dense sleeve of connective tissue covering spinal cord
extends from foramen magnum to coccyx

Back 139

dura mater

Front 140

middle meninge
delicate, webslike membrane
loosely surrounds the spinal cord

Back 140

arachnoid mater

Front 141

innermost meninge
thin membrane
clings tightly to surface of the spinal cord

Back 141

pia mater

Front 142

which ligament:
tethers the spinal cord win the dura mater, arises fron lateral aspects of the spinal cord at regular intervals

Back 142

denticulate ligaments

Front 143

what is the tapered cone shaped caudal end of the spinal cord proper
composed of sacral and coccygeal cord segements, but lies at bony L1-L2 bc column continues to grow well after the spinal cord growth ends

Back 143

conus medullaris

Front 144

what is the horses tail
posterior and anterior nerve rootst hat descent win memingeal sheaths until they oin to form respective spinal nerces at intervertebral foramina

Back 144

cauda equina

Front 145

what is a filament of pia mater that extends from top of conus medullaris to the termination of the spinal cord

Back 145

filum terminale interna

Front 146

what is located btwn vertebral bodies composed of annulus fibrosus and nuleus pulposus (fibrocartilage and gleatinous core respectively)
discs deforms to allow spinal mvmt
categorized as cartilaginous joints

Back 146

intervertebral discs

Front 147

what exists on posterior component of spine btwn facing articular processes
categorized and synovial joints

Back 147

facet joints

Front 148

what composes the pectoral girdle

Back 148

scapula (coracoid process) and clavicle

Front 149

what composes the pelvic girdle?

Back 149

ox coxae (ishium, illium and pubis)

Front 150

what bones make up the arm

Back 150

humerus

Front 151

what bones make up the thigh

Back 151

femur

Front 152

what bones make up the forarm

Back 152

radius and ulna

Front 153

what bones make up the leg

Back 153

tibia and fibula

Front 154

what bones make up the wrist?

Back 154

8 carpals

Front 155

what bones make up the ankle

Back 155

7 tarsals

Front 156

what bones make up the hand and foot?

Back 156

hand: 5 metacarpals and 14 phlanges
foot: 5 metatarsals and 14 phalnges

Front 157

early on limb buds are BLANK-- thumbs and great toes point cranially, elbows and knees laterally and heads of femur and humerus medially

Back 157

ventral

Front 158

as development occures, humberal and femoral heads retain their medial directions, but the limbs twist so that

1distal humerus is BLANK so that elbows point posteriorly
2distal femur is BLANK so that knees point anteriorly

Back 158

lateral
medial

Front 159

what occurs at anatomical neck of humerus?

Back 159

attachment for capsule

Front 160

what part of the humerus is often fractured?

Back 160

surgical neck

Front 161

what occurs at the greater tubercle of the humerus?

Back 161

attch for SIT muscles (lateral)

Front 162

what occurs at lesser tubercle of the humerus

Back 162

interstion for subscapularis (medial)

Front 163

what occurs at intertubercular sulcas (aka bicipital groove) of the humerus

Back 163

floor is attch for latissimus dorsi, lateral edge is attch for pec major, medial edge is attachment for teres major

Front 164

what occurs at the spiral groove of the humerus

Back 164

groove for radial n as well as profunda brachii a and v

Front 165

what occurs at the superior angle of the scapula?

Back 165

levator scapulae attch
ass w superficial cervical a and accessory n

Front 166

what occurs at the inferior angle of the scapula?

Back 166

near attch of teres major and rhomboid major, attch for serratus anterior, lastissimus dorsi sometimes attch near tip

Front 167

what occurs at the vertebral (medial) border of the scapula?

Back 167

rhomboids, levator scapular and serratus anterior attch

Front 168

what occurs at axillary (lateral) border of the scapula?

Back 168

teres major, teres minor, and long head of triceps brachii attch

Front 169

what occurs at the spine of the scapula?

Back 169

trapezius and deltoid attch, rhomboid minor also attch near base of the spine at the medial angle

Front 170

what occurs at the acromion process of the scapula?

Back 170

deltoid and upper trapezius attch

Front 171

what occurs at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

Back 171

long head of biceps attch

Front 172

what occurs at the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

Back 172

long head of triceps attch (these also attch at adjacent superior part of axillary border)

Front 173

what occurs at the supraspinous fossa of the scapula?

Back 173

origin for supraspinatus

Front 174

what occurs at the suprascapular notch of the scapula?

Back 174

ass with suprascapular nerve and artery (nerve goes over/superficial to it, omohyoid attch just medial to it)

Front 175

what occurs at the infraspinous fossa of the scapula?

Back 175

origina for infraspinatus, also location of suprascapular nerve (arriving cia suprascapular notch)

Front 176

what occurs at the glenoid fossa of the scapula?

Back 176

recieves/accomodates the head of the humerus

Front 177

what occurs at the scapular notch of the scapula?

Back 177

where superscapular nerve and artery pass the lateral edge of the scapular spine

Front 178

what occurs at the coracoid process of the scapula?

Back 178

short head of biceps, coracobrachillis and pec minor attch
coraroacromial ligament

Front 179

what muscles connect the scapula to the axial skeleton? (5)

Back 179

trapezius, levator scapulae
rhomboids, serratus anterior and pec minor

Front 180

what muscles connect the humerus to the axial skeleton? (2)

Back 180

latissimus dorsi and sternal head of pec major

Front 181

what muscles connect the humerus to the scapula? (7)

Back 181

deltoid
supraspinatus
infraspinatis
teres mino
subscapularis
teres major
coracobrachilis

Front 182

what muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (1)

Back 182

trapezius

Front 183

what muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate in terms of scapula and deltoid regions? (2)

Back 183

levator scapulae and rhomboids

Front 184

what muscles odes the long thoracic nerve innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (1)

Back 184

serratus anterior

Front 185

what muscles does the medial pectoral nerve innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (2)

Back 185

pec minor and major

Front 186

what muscles does the thoracodorsal nerce innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (1)

Back 186

latissimus dorsi

Front 187

what muscles do the medial and lateral pectoral n innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (1)

Back 187

sternal head of pec major

Front 188

what muscles do the axillary n innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (2)

Back 188

deltoid and teres minor

Front 189

what muscles do the subscapular n innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (2)

Back 189

subscapularis
teres major (lower)

Front 190

what muscles do the muscculorcutaneous n innervate in terms of the scapula and deltoid regions? (1)

Back 190

coracobrachialis

Front 191

which artery comes from thryocervical trunk or directly from subclavian a
anastomeses (joins together w) suprescapular a, intercostal aa, and curumflex scapular branch of subscapular a?

Back 191

superficial cervical a

Front 192

which artery also comes from the throcervical trunk?

Back 192

suprascapular a

Front 193

which artery arises from the 3rd or 2nd part of subclavian a
and in 1/3 of people, BLANK and superficial cervical aa will have common origin, transverse cervical a, from thyrocervical trunk

Back 193

dorsal scapular a

Front 194

which artery has clavicular, acromial, deltoid and pectoral branches?

Back 194

thoracoacromial a

Front 195

which artery comes from the 3rd part of axillary a?
(axillary a begins at area of first rib)

Back 195

posterior circumflex humeral a

Front 196

which artery comes from the inital part of brachial a just distal to inferior border of teres major

Back 196

profunda brachii a

Front 197

which space:
is bound by teres major/minor and long head of triceps
contain circumflex scapular a

Back 197

triangular space

Front 198

which space:
is bound by humerus's surgical neck, long head of triceps, capsule of shoulder joint and teres major
contain axillary n and posterior humeral circumflex a

Back 198

quadrangular space

Front 199

which space:
is bound by long and lateral head of triceps and inferior boreder of teres major
contain radial n and profunda brachii (deep brachial) a

Back 199

trriangular interval

Front 200

which bone of the pectoral region:
is most commonly fractured
transmits forces from upper limb to sternum
only bone of the pectoral giedle that attch to the axial skeleton via a true jt
muscles that attch: trapezius, SCM, deltoid, pec major and subclavius

Back 200

clavicle

Front 201

which bone of the pectoral region:
is composed of 3 bones (manubrium,body of sternum, and the xyphoid process)
clavicle articulates w manubrium, as do the first 2 ribs
superior end of manubrium is the suprasternal notch, which is an important landmark
the jnt btwn manrubrium and body is easily palpated and marks the position of the second rib

Back 201

sternum

Front 202

which muscle of the pectoral region:
clavicular head from medial part of clavicle flexes the arm
sternal head from the manubrium and sternal body horizontally adducts the arm
both head insert into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus
both heads are effective medial rotators of the arm

Back 202

pectoralis major

Front 203

which nerve innervates pectoralis major?

Back 203

medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Front 204

which muscle of the pectoral region:
arises from ribs 3-5 and inserts into the coracoid process of the scapula
function: scapular depression
marks the second part of the axillary n

Back 204

pectoralis minor

Front 205

which nerve innervates pectoralis minor?

Back 205

medial pectoral n

Front 206

which muscle of the pectoral region:
protects the sternoclavicular jt from traction injuries and subclavian vessels and brachial plexus in the event of a fractured clavicle
holds the clavicle onto the sternum

Back 206

subclavius

Front 207

what nerve innervates the subclavius m?

Back 207

nerve to subclavius C5-C6

Front 208

which blood vessel:
is one of the two principle superficial v's of the upper limb and passes through the deltopectoral triangle, before it empties into the axillary v

Back 208

cephalic v

Front 209

which blood vessel:
is behind pec minor and has two aa arise from it

Back 209

2nd part of axillary a

Front 210

what are the 2 branches that come off of the 2nd part of the axillary a?

Back 210

thoracoacromial a
lateral thoracic a

Front 211

what 4 branches come off of the thoracoacromial a?

Back 211

clavicular, acromial, deltoid, and pectoral

Front 212

what blood vessel is important to the blood supply of the breast?

Back 212

lateral thoracic a

Front 213

which blood vessel:
runs from the lateral edge of pectoralis minor to the inferior edge of teres major?

Back 213

3rd part of axillary a

Front 214

what are the 3 branches of the 3rd part of the axillary a?

Back 214

subscapular a
anterior humeral circumflex a
posterior humeral circumflex a

Front 215

which branch of the 3rd part of the axillary a is the largest, and what are the 2 branches that come off of it?

Back 215

subscapular a
circumflex scapular a
thoracodorsal a

Front 216

what makes up the floor of the axilla?

Back 216

armpit, skin and axillary fascia

Front 217

what makes up the medial wall of the axilla?

Back 217

rib cage covered by serratus anterior

Front 218

what makes up the anterior wall of the axilla? (3)

Back 218

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius

Front 219

what makes up the posterior wall of the axilla? (3)

Back 219

latissimus dorsi
teres major
subscapularis

Front 220

what makes up the lateral wall of the axilla?

Back 220

the anterior and posterior walls meet to form the lateral wall

Front 221

what makes up the apex of the axilla?

(which opens into the posterior cervical triangle) (3)

Back 221

upper border of scapula
clavicle
first rib

Front 222

what are the contents of the axilla? (7)

Back 222

fat
axillary lymph nodes
axillary a and v
cords of brachial plexus
long head of biceps brachii
short head of biceps brachii
coracobrachialis

Front 223

what are not considered nerve roots but are the anterior primary rami of C5-T1

Back 223

roots of brachial plexus

Front 224

where are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus located?

Back 224

upper (C5 & 6)
middle (C7)
Lower (C8 & T1)

Front 225

where are the nerves that are derrived from roots and trunks of the brachial plexus and what do they innervate? (3)

Back 225

dorsal scapular n (rhomboids and levator scapulae)
suprascapular n (supraspinatis and infraspinatis)
long thoracic n (serratus anterior)

Front 226

behind the clavicle, each trunk of the brachial plexus divides into:

Back 226

anterior and posterior divisions

Front 227

in general, anterior divisions of the brachial plexus functiont to supply:

Back 227

flexors and adductors in the axilla

Front 228

where is the lateral cord of the brachial plexus derrived from?

Back 228

upper and middle anterior divisions

Front 229

what does the lateral cord give off to and what does it supply?

Back 229

lateral pectoral n to pectoralis major

Front 230

where does the medial cord of the brachial plexus derrive from?

Back 230

lower ant division

Front 231

what nerve come off of the medial cord of the brachial plexus and what do they supply?(3)

Back 231

medial pectoral n (pec minor and major)
medial cutaneus nerve of the arm
medial cutaneus n of the forearm

Front 232

what is the posterior cord of the brachial plexus derrived from?

Back 232

all posterior divisions

Front 233

what nerves come off of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and what do they supply? (3)

Back 233

upper subscapular n (subscapularis)
thoracodorsal n (latissimus dorsi)
lower scapular n (subscapularis and teres major)

Front 234

what do the cords of the brachial plexus divide into?

Back 234

terminal branches

Front 235

what are the nerves of the terminal branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and what do they innervate? (2)

Back 235

musculocutaneus n (corcobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis)
lateral root of median n

Front 236

what are the nerves of the terminal branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus? (2)

Back 236

ulnar n
medial root of median n

Front 237

what are the nerves of the terminal branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and what do they innervate? (2)

Back 237

axillary n (deltoid and teres minor)
radial n

Front 238

what are the muscles of the flexor compartment of the arm? (3)

Back 238

coracobrachilais, biceps brachii, brachialis

Front 239

what attch at the medial epicondyle and supracondylar ridge of the humerus?

Back 239

attachment for the superficial flexor m of the forearm

Front 240

what attch at the lateral epicondyle and lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus?

Back 240

attch for the extensor mm of the forearm

Front 241

what is the big deal about the capitulum of the humerus?

Back 241

little head articulates with the head of the radius

Front 242

what is the big deal about the trochlea of the humerus?

Back 242

articulates with the ulna

Front 243

what is the big deal about the coronoid fossa of the humerus?

Back 243

articulates with/recieves coronoid process of the ulna (anterior)

Front 244

what is the big deal about the olecrenon fossa of the humerus?

Back 244

articulates wrecives the olecrenon process of the elbow when the elbow is extended

Front 245

what attch at the radial tuberosity?

Back 245

biceps brachii

Front 246

what attch at the styloid process of the radius?

Back 246

radial collateral ligament of the wrist

Front 247

what attch at the olecrenon process of the ulna?

Back 247

triceps brachii

Front 248

what is the big deal about the trochlear notch of the ulna?

Back 248

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Front 249

what is the big deal about the coronoid porcess of the ulna?

Back 249

anterior point of surface articulating with medial trochlea

Front 250

what attch at the ulnar tuberosity?

Back 250

brachialis

Front 251

what attch at the styloid process of the ulna?

Back 251

ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

Front 252

what is located in the large space btwn the ulna and the carpal bones?

Back 252

articular disc

Front 253

what are the m of the flexor compartment of the ARM? (3)

Back 253

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis

Front 254

where does the coracobrachialis attch?

Back 254

coracoid p of scapula to mid-humerus

Front 255

what is the action of the coracobrachialis?

Back 255

flexes the arm

Front 256

where does the biceps brachii attch?

Back 256

short head: coracoid p
long head: supraglenoid tuberosity
inserts on radial tuberosity

Front 257

what is the action of the biceps brachii?

Back 257

supinates and flexes bother the arm and the forearm

Front 258

where does the brachialis attch?

Back 258

humerus to tuberosity of ulna

Front 259

what is the action of the brachialis?

Back 259

flexes the forearm

Front 260

what does the brachiradialis do?

Back 260

flexes the elbow

Front 261

What does Pass Fail Pass Fail stand for?

Back 261

Superficial flexor muscles of the forearm:
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 262

where do all of the superficial flexors of the the forearm have at least a partial attch?

Back 262

humerus to assist in elbow flexion

Front 263

where does the pronator teres attch and what is is action?

Back 263

radius; pronate teh forearm

Front 264

where does the flexor carpi radialis attch and what is its action?

Back 264

attch to base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
flexes and radially deviates the hand

Front 265

where does the palmaris longus attch and what is its function (also what is it a landmark for)?

Back 265

attch to palmer aponeurosis
flexes the hand
landmark for median n

Front 266

where does the flexor carpi ulnaris attch and what is its action?

Back 266

attch to pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal
flexes and ulnarly deviates the hand

Front 267

what m is considered the intermediate layer of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

Back 267

flexor digitorum superficialis

Front 268

what are teh deep m of the flexor compartment of the forearm? (3)

Back 268

flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus
flexor pollicis longus

Front 269

can the deep muscles of the flexor compartment aid in elbow flexion?

Back 269

no, does not cross elbow joint

Front 270

what does the flexor digitorum profundus do?

Back 270

flexes are far distally as the distal interphalangeal joints

Front 271

what does the flexor pollicis longus do?

Back 271

flexes the interphalangeal joint of the thumb

Front 272

how is the pollicis longus innervated?

Back 272

medial half: ulnar n
lateral half: median n

Front 273

what does the pronator quadratus do?

Back 273

primary pronator of the arm

Front 274

what does the musculocutaneous n innervate?

Back 274

three flexors of the forearm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)
continues to the forearm as the lateral cutaneous n of the forearm

Front 275

what does the median n innervate in terms of flexor compartment of the forearm?

Back 275

major n of the flexors of the forearm (pronantor teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor pollicis longus, radial half of flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

Front 276

what does the ulnar n innervate in terms of the flexor compartment of the forearm?

Back 276

flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus

Front 277

what does the radial n supply in terms of the anterior forearm?

Back 277

brachioradialis

Front 278

which artery is a continuation of the axillary a, near its origin gives off the profunda brachii a, near the cubital fossa, this a bifricates into radial and ulnar a

Back 278

brachial a

Front 279

which a is deep to brachoradialis throughout the forearm but becomes more subQ near wrist

Back 279

radial a

Front 280

which artery is deep in the forearm, gives off common interosseous a, which sends branches (ant and post interosseous aa) along anterior and posterior surface of interosseous membrane

Back 280

ulnar a

Front 281

what are the mm of the extensor compartment of the arm? (2)

Back 281

triceps brachii and anconeus

Front 282

where do the triceps brachii attch?

Back 282

long head: infraglenoid tuberosity and upper part of lateral border of scapula
lateral head: posterior and lateral surfaces of humerus
medial head: distally from posterior surface of humerus

Front 283

where does the anconeus attch?

Back 283

lateral epicondyle of humerus to lateral edge of olecranon and posterior ulna

Front 284

what are the superficial mm of the extensor group of the forearm? (6)

Back 284

brachiradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

Front 285

what does teh brachioradialis do?

Back 285

flexes elbow; active during rapid extension of the elbow (throwing*)

Front 286

where do the superficial m of the forearm attch?

Back 286

medial epicondyle and medial supracondylar ridge of humerus

Front 287

where does the extensor carpi radialis longus attch?

Back 287

base of metacarpal 2

Front 288

where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis attch?

Back 288

base of metacarpal 3

Front 289

what does the extensor digitorum do?

Back 289

extends the metacarpal-phalangeal joints of digits 2-5, also extends the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal via the extensor hood which inserts onto middle and distal phalanges

Front 290

what does the extensor digiti minimi do?

Back 290

extends finger at the metacrapal-phalangeal joint 5

Front 291

what does the extensor crapi unlaris attch?

Back 291

base of metacarpal 5

Front 292

what happens when the extensor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpis unlaris work together?

Back 292

ulnar deviation

Front 293

what are the deep muscles of the extensor group of the forearm?

Back 293

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
supinator

Front 294

what are the muscles of the anatomical snuffbox? (thenar outcrop)

Back 294

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

Front 295

where does teh abductor pollicis longus attch?

Back 295

palmer surface of metacarpal 1

Front 296

where does the extensor pollicis brevis attch and what does it do?

Back 296

acch at proximal phalanx, thus producing extension at the MP joint of the thumb
extension at the MP joint of the thumb

Front 297

what does the extensor pollicis longus attch and what does it do?

Back 297

attch at the distal phalanx of the thumb
produces extension at the IP joint of the thumb

Front 298

what does the extensor indicis do?

Back 298

extends MP 2

Front 299

where does the supinator attch?

Back 299

arises from humerus and ulna and inserts onto the radius

Front 300

for a muscle to be a supinator, where must it attch?

Back 300

radius

Front 301

what is the anatomical snuffbox bordered by?

Back 301

abductor pollicis longus tendon (most ventral)
extensor pollicis brevis tendon (delimits ventral border)
extensor pollicis longus tendon (delimits dorsal border)

Front 302

what is within the anatomical snuffbox?

Back 302

radial a

Front 303

what is the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?>

Back 303

scaphoid bone

Front 304

what surrounds the wrist as extensor tendons cross the joint, prevents bowstringing, and synovial shetths just deep to it decrease friction w tendons

Back 304

extensor retinaculum

Front 305

what innervates the muscles of the extensor compartment of both the arm and the forearm?

Back 305

deep branch of radial n called posterior interosseus n

Front 306

where does the posterior interosseous a come from?

Back 306

from comon interosseous a, and branch of the ulnar artery

Front 307

decribe the branching of the ulnar artery

Back 307

ulner artery-->common interosseous branch-->anterior and posterior interosseous branches

Front 308

describe the radial artery in the forearm

Back 308

supplies superficial mm of the radial side of extensors, passes through snuffbox to reach deep palmer arch

Front 309

what the proximal carpal bones from medial to lateral?

Back 309

pisform
triquetrum
lunate
scaphoid

Front 310

what are teh distal carpal bones from medial to lateral?

Back 310

hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium

Front 311

what is the mnumonic device used to remember the carpal bones medial to lateral proximal to distal?

Back 311

PTs Love Sex However Can't Tell Time

Front 312

what is a sesamoid bone,
lies on the triquetrum,
btwn tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris, hammate and base of MC5, is palpated just distal to distal crease of wrist

Back 312

pisiform

Front 313

what articulates with the articular disc of ulna when in ulnar deviation (not ulna)

Back 313

triquetrum

Front 314

what articulates with the radius and articular disc of ulna
w wrist in extension, there is a visible depression over this that disappears when wrist is flexed

Back 314

lunate

Front 315

what articulates with the radius, is easily fractured and doesnt heal well because of poor blood supply, and is the floor of the anatomical snuffbox

Back 315

scaphoid

Front 316

what articulates with MC4 and MC5,
large palmer protubrance called the hook of____
this hook protects the ulnar n and ulnar a

Back 316

hamate

Front 317

what is at the base of MC3, transmits force from MC4 thru lunate and scaphoid to the radius
its dorsal aspect can be easily palpated

Back 317

capitate

Front 318

what is at the base of 2nd MC,
transmits force from MC2 thru scaphoid to radius

Back 318

trapezoid

Front 319

what participates in saddle joint movement (carpometacarpal jt of thumb)

Back 319

trapezium

Front 320

what are the two rows of carpals stabilized by?

Back 320

crossing muscles that attch to bases of MC, compress carpals when contracted

Front 321

what happens to the wrist when a tight fist is made?

Back 321

wriste extends to lengthen long flexors for powerful actions

Front 322

what happends to the heads of metacarpals 2-5 when a tight fist is made?

Back 322

knuckles become prominent as proximal phlanges slide palmarly

Front 323

what happens to collateral ligaments of MP joints when a tight fist is made?

Back 323

they tighten, restricting abduction of fingers

Front 324

what happens to MC4 and MC5 when a tight fist is made?

Back 324

move toward the palm

Front 325

when does the thumb flex/extend?

Back 325

same plane as the hand when in anatomical position

Front 326

when does the thumb abduct/adduct?

Back 326

perpindicular plane to the hand in anatomical position (moves forward to abduct or back to anatomical position to adduct)

Front 327

when does the thumb oppose/repose?

Back 327

thumb crosses palm to oppose pinkie and back to repose

Front 328

what structures pass through the carpal tunnel? (10)

Back 328

median n
9 tendons of extrinsic flexors of digits, incl those of the thumb:
-4 flxor digitorum superficialis tendons
-4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
-1 flexor pollicis longus tendons

Front 329

what makes up the carpal tunnel?

Back 329

the carpal bones sitting in the u-shaped arrangement and closed by the flexor retinaculum

Front 330

what structures pass anterior to the flexor retinaculum

Back 330

ulnar a and n
tendon of palmaris longus
tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
tendon of flecor carpu radialis

Front 331

what tendons split in the digit so that the corresponding flexor digitorum superficialis can reach the distal phalanx?

Back 331

flexor digitorum profundus

Front 332

what are theonly mm that can extend the MCP joints of fingers?

Back 332

extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi (long extensors)

Front 333

where do lumbicals attch and what do they do?

Back 333

originate from the tendons the FDP
pull on extensor expansions to produce extension at the IP joints. however, expansions pass ventral to centers of rotation of MP joints so the lumbricals can also produce flexion at the MP joint

Front 334

where do interossei m insert?

Back 334

attch in part to extensor expansions and thus assist lumbricals- arranged in two sets and inset primarily onto sides of proximal phlanges of fingers

Front 335

what is the extensor mechanism of the IP joints?

Back 335

four lumbicals and interosseous mm

Front 336

how many and what do the palmer interossei do?

Back 336

3; adduct the fingers (PAD)

Front 337

how many and what do the dorsal interossei do?

Back 337

4; abduct the fingers (DAB)

Front 338

what mm is not part of the thenar eminence,
transverse head from 3rd metacarpal, oblique head from trapezium trapezoid capitate and base of MC 2 and 3.
it is not considered part of the thnar eminence bc it is innervated by the ulnar n

Back 338

adductor pollicis

Front 339

where do the thenar m arise from?

Back 339

flexor retinaculum and adjacent carpals

Front 340

what are teh thenar m innervated by?

Back 340

recurrent branch of median n

Front 341

what are the 3 thenar m?

Back 341

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

Front 342

where does the abductor pollicis brevis attch?

Back 342

more proximal that FPB, attch at proximal phalanx

Front 343

where does flexor pollicis brevis attch?

Back 343

attch at proximal phalanx, flexes CMC and MP joints.

Front 344

where does the opponens pollicis attch?

Back 344

attch along the length of MC1, deep to abductor pollicis brevis, opposes the thumb

Front 345

where do the hypothenar mm arise from?

Back 345

flexor retinaculum and adjacent carpals

Front 346

what are the hypothenar mm innervated by?

Back 346

ulnar n

Front 347

what are the 3 hypothenar mm?

Back 347

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

Front 348

what is the structure of synovial sheaths?

Back 348

double walled, tubular bursae, closed at both ends, contain synovial fluid

Front 349

what is the purpose of synovial sheaths?

Back 349

decrease friction where tendons are restrained from bowstringing

Front 350

what are enclosed in synovial sheaths of the hand?

Back 350

tendons of FDS and FDP

Front 351

what is the superficial palmer arch composed of?

Back 351

principally the ulnar artery with some contribution from the radial a

Front 352

where is the superficial palmer arch found?

Back 352

deep to the palmer aponeurosis

Front 353

what does the superficial palmer arch give off?

Back 353

common palmer digital aa

Front 354

what do that common palmer digital aa give off?

Back 354

proper palmer digital aa

Front 355

what is the main motor nerve supply of the hand?

Back 355

deep branch of ulnar n which accompanies deep palmer arterial arch

Front 356

the superficial nn of the hand are (sensory or motor)

Back 356

sensory

Front 357

what are teh 2 exceptions to the ulnar motor supply of the hand?

Back 357

thenar mm and lateral 2 lumbricals are innervated by the median n

Front 358

are all joints btwn two bones?

Back 358

no, scapula and rib cage

Front 359

which type of joint is relatively immobile? give an example

Back 359

fibrous
interosseous membrane, sutures of the skull

Front 360

which type of joint had hyaline cartilage and or fibrocatrilage present between the bones? give an example

Back 360

cartilaginous; pubis symphysis, epephyseal (growth) plates

Front 361

which type of joint is relatively mobile? give an example

Back 361

synovial joint; shoulder

Front 362

what are three charactoristics of all synovial joints?

Back 362

synovial cavity
articular cartilage
synovial fluid

Front 363

what type of synovial joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Back 363

ball and socket, multiaxial

Front 364

how is the head of the humerus positioned in the glenohumeral joint?

Back 364

superiorly, posteriorly, and medially

Front 365

what is the lip of cartilage that encircles glenoid fossa, deepens it to cushion head of humerus

Back 365

glenoid labrum

Front 366

what attached at the supraglenoid tubercle?

Back 366

biceps brachii

Front 367

what attch at the infraglenoid tubercle

Back 367

triceps brachii

Front 368

what happens when the humerus is abducted past 90 degrees?

Back 368

concomitant lateral rotation. lateral rotation brings greater tubercle posterior so it doesnt impinge the inferior acromion

Front 369

in the shoulder joint, which ligaments are not very strong?

Back 369

glenohumeral

Front 370

which ligament in the shoulder helps prevent inferior movement during adduction of the arm?

Back 370

coracohumeral

Front 371

what mm help to hold the humerus in its place in the glenohumeral joint?

Back 371

SITS, long head of triceps and biceps

Front 372

which muscles help to stabilize the glenohumeral joint?

Back 372

short, deep mm

Front 373

which muscles of the shoulder are important to offset strong upward force of deltoid during abduction

Back 373

inferior/small rotators

Front 374

what is the synovial compartment between acromion and tendon of supraspinatus that reduces friction?

Back 374

subacromial bursa

Front 375

which joint is the only synovial articulation btwn pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton?

Back 375

sternoclavicular

Front 376

what ligaments stabilize the sternoclavicular joint?

Back 376

sternoclavicular ligaments

Front 377

which ligament acts as a pivot for clavicular elevation so that medial end of clavicle moves inferiorly as lateral end is elevated

Back 377

costoclavicular

Front 378

which joint is weakly supported by the acromioclavicular ligament and is indirectly stabilized by coracoclavicular ligaments?

Back 378

acromioclavicular joint

Front 379

which ligaments are what is damaged in shoudler separations?

Back 379

conoid and trapezoid of the coracoclavicular ligaments

Front 380

where is the conoid ligament located?

Back 380

near the center (medial aspect) of the acromion

Front 381

where is the trapezoid ligament located?

Back 381

toward the top of the acromion

Front 382

what type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Back 382

uniaxial, hinge

Front 383

the head of the radius articulates with what on the humerus?

Back 383

capitulum

Front 384

the troclear notch of the ulnar articulares with what on the humerus?

Back 384

trochlea

Front 385

what ligaments prevent abduction/adduction at the elbow joint?

Back 385

collateral ligaments

Front 386

which ligament prevents abduction at the elbow/ valgus of the forearm. flexor digitorum superficiales arises in part from anterior cord of this ligament

Back 386

ulnar collateral ligament (medial)

Front 387

which ligament prevents adduction at the elbow/ varus of the forearm; attch at lateral epicondyle and annular ligament of radius. superficial fibers continue distally to contribute to supinator

Back 387

radial collateral ligament (lateral)

Front 388

what are the two joint of the radius and ulna?

Back 388

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Front 389

how does dislocations of the elbow typically occur?

Back 389

posterior movement of the olecrenon process out of the fossa

Front 390

supination and pronation is a movement of the BLANK on the BLANK (bones)

Back 390

radius on the ulna

Front 391

what is sometimes considered the middle radioulnar joint bc it holds the 2 bones together.

Back 391

interosseous membrane

Front 392

when is the interosseous membrane taut?

Back 392

supination

Front 393

what movements is the wrist capable of?

Back 393

flex/extend abduct/adduct circum duct (NOT ROTATE)

Front 394

which ligaments attch to styloid processes of ulna and radius?

Back 394

ulnar and radial collateral ligaments of the wrist

Front 395

which ligament limits radial deviation?

Back 395

ulnar collateral of the wrist