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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
3 parts of LA
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lipophilic group- aromatic ring
intermediate chain- ester or amide hydrophilic group- secondary or tertiary amine |
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increasing _____ increases the anesthetic potency and duration but also increases side effects
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hydrophobicity
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more likely to cause allergic reax
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esters (cocaine and procaine) from PABA metabolites
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topical anesthesia in URT
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cocaine
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prototype ester
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procaine
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inhibition of catecholamine uptake
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cocaine
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infiltration anesthesia and diagnostic nerve blocks
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procaine
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inhibit action of sulfonamides
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procaine
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aka novocain
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procaine
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prototype amide
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lidocaine
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antiarrhythmic agent
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lidocaine
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metabolism in liver and plasma
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cocaine
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metabolism by pseudocholinesterase
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procaine
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metabolism by liver CYP450
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lidocaine
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_________ form is required to cross the membrane
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unprotonated
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______ form is most active at receptor site
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protonated, charged
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LAs are typically strong/weak acid/base
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weak bases, pka 8-9
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Do LAs change resting membrane potential
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no
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the degree of block depends on
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voltage and frequency
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puffer fish
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tetrodotoxin
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dinoflagellates (red tide)
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saxitoxin
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tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin...
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reversibly block sodium channel like LAs, but they do it from the outside
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critical length
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shorter blocks first
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firing frequency
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sensory if faster - blocked first
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fiber position
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outer fiber blocked first
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susceptibility
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C > Ad > Ag > Ab > Aa
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sensation lost
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pain-> temp-> touch-> deep press-> motor
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sensations regained
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opposite of
pain, temp, touch, deep pressure, motor |
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epinephrine and clonidine
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may enhance spinal anesthesia by acting at A2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS to
dec. firing of SENSORY NEURONS and inhibit release of SUBSTANCE P |
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LA's...(decrease/increase)
___ myocardial electrical excitability ___ conduction rate ___ blood pressure exception... |
decrease
decrease decrease exception = cocaine --> increases heart rate and blood pressure |