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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics if afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and interneurons?
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afferent neurons= sensory, brings signal to CNS (ascending)
efferent neurons= motor, exits CNS (descending) interneurons= connects neurons in CNS processing signals between afferent and efferent neurons |
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Describe the characteristics of the PNS and CNS.
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Nerves: bundle of sensory and motor axons
Neuronal cell bodies= ganglia |
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What are the components of the PNS?
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1. sensory component=external stimulus sends signal to sensory ganglia and nerves (afferent)
2. somatic motor component= signal from CNS goes to motor neurons which affect skeletal muscle 3. visceral (autonomic) motor component= signal from CNS goes to sensory ganglia and nerves which stimulates the sympathetic or parasympathetic NS which affect smooth and cardiac muscle and glads |
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What is the difference between gray and white matter?
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Gray= cell bodies
white= myelinated axons |
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What is the significance between gyrus and sulcus?
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gyrus and the folds on the brain and the sulcus are the creases formed from the folds. This allows for more area to store information
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Where are neurons in the PNS and neurons in the CNS derived from?
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PNS= neural crest cells
CNS= neuroectoderm |
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What are the 3 components of the autonomic NS?
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1. sympathetic=fight or flight
2. parasympathetic=homeostatic fxn 3. enteric= digestions |
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What are the major components of the CNS?
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1. forebrain (telecephalon + diencephalon
2. brain stem(midbrain + pons + medulla) 3. cerebellum |
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What are the components of the diencephalon?
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hypothalamus and thalamus
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What are the components of teh telencephlon?
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basal ganglia, limbic system, olfactory system, neocortex or cerebral cortex
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What are the functions of the brainstem?
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(Pons, medulla, midbrain)
-receives sensory input and motor and autonomic control from head and neck (autonomic of visceral organs) -fxn of consciousness, sleep, respiration, circulation, muscle tone and eye movement Cerebellum: fine-tuned motor skills |
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What are the CNS characteristics
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brain and spinal cord
-neurons called nuclei when in groups -sensory axons -motor cell bodies -pre-ganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic -interneurons -ascending and descending tracts |
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Define ipsilateral.
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structures on the same side of the CNS
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Define contralateral.
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-structures on the side opposite of CNS
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What 2 cell types make of the nervous system?
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neurons and glial
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What's the difference between nerves and tracts?
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nerves= bundles of sensory and motor nerves in PNS
tracts= ? |
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What is the difference between nuclei, ganglia, and cortex?
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ganglia=cell bodies in PNS
nuclei= in the core of the CNS neurons and dendrite clustered into nuclei cortex= the surface of the gray matter that is organized as layers of cell bodies |
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Name the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres.
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1.frontal
2.parietal 3.temportal 4.occipital |
