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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pigmentation & calcification
3 sources of pigmentation |
1. melanin
2. hemoglobin derivatives
3. fat |
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pigmentation & calcification
melanin gives...
what produces melanin |
-gives hair, eyes, skin their color
-melanocytes |
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pigmentation & calcification
abnormal melanin pigmentation: General Hyperpigmentation |
-addison's disease -acromegaly -chronic arsenic poisoning -hemochromatosis -chlorpromazine (sun exposure) -large dose of estrogen |
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pigmentation & calcification
abnormal melanin pigmentation: Focal Hyperpigmentation |
-freckles -cafe au lait spots (↑# melanocytes): neurofibromatosis (tumors), albright's syndrome -peutz-jeghers syndrome (autosomal): around mouth, multiple polyps in GI tract -Lengtiginosis: hyperpig. spots -melanocyte tumors: benign=moles -ionizing radiation, UV, heat, chronic irritation |
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pigmentation & calcification
abnormal melanin pigmentation: Hypopigmentation |
-albinsim -vitiligo poliosis |
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pigmentation & calcification
local hypopigmentation |
Vitiligo: well defined areas of pigmentation
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pigmentation & calcification
generalized hypopigmentation |
Albinism: skin very white, hair translucent, pink eyes, deficiency of tyrosine |
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pigmentation & calcification
3 ways iron can be involved in pigmentation |
-excess iron stored in form of ferritin -excess hemosiderin: ↑ absorption, ↓ excretion, excess breakdown of hemoglobin -local with bruise: pattern of deposition of excess hemosiderin (parenchymatous & reticuloendothelial) |
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pigmentation & calcification
how can fat be involved in pigmentation |
-lipofuscin: fatty pigments formed by the solution of a pigment in fat.
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pigmentation & calicification
bilirubin |
a pigment produced by the liver that is excreted in bile which causes a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes when it accumulates in those organs. |
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pigmentation & calicification
dystrophic calcification
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-serum calcium levels are normal -calcium salts are deposited in dead or degenerate tissues |
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pigmentation & calicification
dystrophic calcification occurs under following circumstances: (10) |
-caseous necrosis -fat necrosis -thrombosis -hematosis -atherosclerotic plaque -chronic inflammatory granulation -monckebuers sclerorsis -degenerative collide goiters -cysts -degenerative tumors |
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pigmentation & calicification
metastic calcification increases... (due to) |
-calcium levels: due to bone resportion & calcium deposits in kidney, lung, stomach, blood vessel, cornea |
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pigmentation & calicification
metastic calcification 5 causes |
1.primary hyperthyroidism 2.↑absorption from diet 3.hypohosphatisia 4.destructive bone lesions 5.renal tubular acidose |
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pigmentation & calicification
hemosiderosis |
focal or general increase in tissue iron stores without associated tissue damage |
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pigmentation & calcification
hemochromatosis |
inherited blood disorder that causes the body to retain excessive amounts of iron. This iron overload can lead to serious health consequences, most notably cirrhosis of the liver. |
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pigmentation & calcification
anthracosis |
Accumulation of carbon in the lungs frominhaled smoke or coal dust. Chronic lung disease |
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pigmentation & calcification
kernicterus |
condition with severe neural symptoms, associated with high levels of bilirubin in the blood.
-jaundice |
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pigmentation & calcification
siderosis |
-pneumoconiosis due to inhalation of iron particles.
-deposit of an abnormal quantity of iron in liver |
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pigmentation & calcification
silicosis |
-caused by exposure to inhaled particles of silica, mostly from quartz in rocks, sand, and similar substances. -marked by the formation of lumps (nodules) and fibrous scar tissue in the lungs. |
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pigmentation & calcification
hemolytic jaundice (prehepatic=before liver) |
-resulting from the lysis of red blood cells and the consequent ↑ production of bilirubin, as response to toxic or infectious agents or in immune disorders. -a yellowish discoloration of the skin caused by a breakdown of red blood cells, which causes excessive amounts of bilirubin. |
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pigmentation & calcification
toxic jaundice (intrahepatic=within liver)
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Jaundice is a condition in which a person's skin and the whites of the eyes are discolored yellow due to an increased level of bile pigments in the blood resulting from liver disease
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pigmentation & calcification
obstructive jaundice (posthepatic=behind liver) |
Jaundice resulting from obstruction of the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum. |
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neoplasia
define neoplasm |
-"new growth" -abnormal -any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive (tumor) |
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neoplasm
define oncology |
-study of cancer, tumors and treatment |
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neoplasm
define carcinogenesis |
-production of cancer (promoting & initiating) |
