Bisc 130 Contents Of The Abdomen Ii

Front 1

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen? What are the main contents of each?

Back 1

1. Right upper quadrant (RUQ): gallbladder
2. Left upper quadrant (LUQ): spleen
3. Right lower quadrant (RLQ): appendix, ureter, fallopian tubes
4. Left lower quadrant (LLQ): lower part of bowel, ureter, fallopian tubes

Front 2

Where is the lesser omentum bursa located?

Back 2

Through the gastroepiploic foramen, which is behind the hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 3

What is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity? Does it have any openings?

Back 3

Peritoneum lines the cavity, and it only has openings in the female for the fallopian tubes.

Front 4

What does the thin film lining the interior peritoneal cavity do?

Back 4

Allows intraperitoneal organs to move around if necessary.

Front 5

The intraabdominal organs bulge in the peritoneum from the _______ aspect during development. What does this do?

Back 5

Dorsal; the organs create their own linings.

Front 6

What is the difference between intraperioneal and retroperitoneal organs?

Back 6

Intraperitoneal: have mesentery and mobility in the abdomen
Retroperitoneal: organ is behind the peritoneum (peritoneum is on the anterior surface); has no mesentery or mobility

Front 7

What is mesentery? What does it do?

Back 7

Two folds of peritoneum that contain blood vessels to supply the abdomen. Allows movement because the organs essentially dangle from the mesentery.

Front 8

What is known as the 'policeman' of the abdomen?

Back 8

The greater omentum; it has mobility that allows it to wall off areas of inflammation in the abdomen.

Front 9

What makes up the greater and lesser omentum?

Back 9

Greater omentum: 4 folds of peritoneum with variable amounts of fat, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics
Lesser omentum: 2 folds of peritoneum between the lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver

Front 10

What forms the hepatoduodenal ligament?

Back 10

Thickening on the right edge of the lesser omentum

Front 11

What are the forgut (embryonic) derivatives?

Back 11

Esophagus, stomach, proximal duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Front 12

Why is the spleen associated with the forgut derivatives if it develops from a different embryonic tissue?

Back 12

It is intra-abdominal and receives blood from the celiac trunk.

Front 13

What is the esophageal hiatus? What problem can occur there?

Back 13

The esophageal hiatus is where the esophagus pierces the diaphragm. Here the stomach can herniate into the diaphragm.

Front 14

What arteries supply the esophagus?

Back 14

Branches of the left gastric artery

Front 15

What are the four regions of the stomach? Is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Back 15

Regions:
1. Cardia (where esophagus enters the stomach)
2. Fundus (upper dome of the stomach)
3. Body (major part)
4. Pylorus (narrowing of the stomach to the duodenum)

The stomach is intraperitoneal.

Front 16

What arteries supply the stomach? Where are they located?

Back 16

1. Left and right gastric arteries, which anastomose on the lesser curvature of the stomach.
2. Left and right gastroepiploic arteries, which anastomose along the greater curvature of the stomach.

Front 17

What embryonic tissues did the duodenum develop from? Where is the division between them?

Back 17

The duodenum developed from the foregut and midgut. The division between the two is where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct open into the second part of the duodenum.

Front 18

What are the four sections of the duodenum?

Back 18

1. Superior
2. Descending (duct openings mark dividing line between foregut and midgut)
3. Horizontal
4. Ascending (distal)

Front 19

What two forgut derivative organs are retroperitoneal?

Back 19

The duodenum and pancreas

Front 20

What is the largest gland in the body?

Back 20

The liver

Front 21

What two main arteries supply the duodenum?

Back 21

The superior pancreaticoduodenal (from the celiac) and inferior pancreaticoduodenal (from superior mesenteric)

Front 22

What are the four lobes of the liver?

Back 22

1. Right
2. Left
3. Quadrate: between the gallbladder and falsiform ligament (left lobe)
4.Caudate: tiny, more posterior and inferior

Front 23

What is significant about the 'bare area' of the liver?

Back 23

It is at the superior part of the liver and is devoid of peritoneum.

Front 24

True or false: the liver is an endocrine and exocrine organ.

Back 24

True

Front 25

What six ligaments are associated with the liver?

Back 25

1. Coronary ligament - encircles the bare area ("crown")
2. Left triangular - extension of the coronary
3. Right triangular - extension of the coronary
4. Falciform ligament - between the left and right lobes
5. Ligamentum teres - free end of falciform ligament
6. Ligamentum venosum - between caudate and left lobes

Front 26

What is the porta hepatis? Where is it located?

Back 26

The porta hepatis is where the hepatic artery and portal vein enter the liver and where the hepatic duct leaves the liver. It is located behind the hepatoduodenal ligament (in bursa)

Front 27

What are the functions of the vessels coming through the porta hepatis?

Back 27

1. Hepatic artery: brings oxygenated arterial blood to the liver
2. Portal vein: (from the splenic and superior mesenteric veins) drains the intestines and brings nutrient-rich blood to the liver
3. Hepatic vein: drains the liver and empties venous blood into the inferior vena cava.

Front 28

What does the gallbladder do?

Back 28

Stores, concentrates, and releases bile (bile digests fats)

Front 29

What three ducts are associated with the gallbladder? What do they do?

Back 29

1. Hepatic duct: drains bile from the liver (empties into cystic duct or common bile duct)
2. Cystic duct: empties bile into the gallbladder and can also bring bile out of the gallbladder
3. Common bile duct: drains bile into the second part of the duodenum (for immediate release after a fatty meal)

Front 30

What artery supplies the gallbladder? Where is it located?

Back 30

The cystic artery (usually from the right hepatic artery); it is located in the cystic triangle (Triangle of Colot).

Front 31

What are the boundaries of the cystic triangle?

Back 31

Hepatic duct, cystic duct, and liver

Front 32

The pancreas is an exocrine/endocrine gland.

Back 32

Exocrine (digestive enzymes) AND endocrine (insulin, hormones)

Front 33

What arteries supply the pancreas?

Back 33

Pancreaticoduodenals (sup. and inf.) and branches from the splenic artery

Front 34

What differentiates the spleen from other abdominal organs?

Back 34

It is a lymphoid organ involved in the cardiovascular lymphatic system.

Front 35

What artery supplies the spleen?

Back 35

Splenic artery

Front 36

How does the spleen's location make it susceptible to injury?

Back 36

The spleen is in the LUQ, deep to the left ribs. Blunt trauma to this area can lacerate the spleen, which will bleed profusely

Front 37

What are the midgut derivatives?

Back 37

Distal duodenum, small intestine, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the proximal transverse colon.

Front 38

What is the main blood supply for the foregut organs? Midgut organs? Hindgut organs?

Back 38

1. Foregut: Branches of the celiac trunk
2. Midgut: Superior mesenteric artery
3. Hindgut: Inferior mesenteric artery

Front 39

What marks the end of the duodenum and the beginning of the jejunum?

Back 39

The suspensory ligament (ligament of Tritz)-connects jejunum to the diaphragm

Front 40

What differentiates the jejunum and ilium (visually)?

Back 40

The mesentery of the jejunum has less fat and fewer blood vessels than that of the ilium.

Front 41

What do the blood vessels in the mesentery of the intestines do?

Back 41

Absorb nutrients, then empty the blood into the portal vein which goes to the liver

Front 42

What arteries supply the intestines?

Back 42

Intestinal branches off the superior mesenteric artery
*the terminal ileum is supplied also by the ileocolic artery*

Front 43

What are tanea coli? Where are they located?

Back 43

Tanea coli are long, longitudinal smooth muscle located only on the cecum

Front 44

What are the parts of the large intestine/colon (from proximal to distal)?

Back 44

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

Front 45

What are appendices epiploica?

Back 45

Fat tags on the cecum

Front 46

What artery supplies the cecum?

Back 46

The ileocolic artery

Front 47

If the appendix is inflammed, where would the pain be located?

Back 47

Right lower quadrant (appendix is on the cecum)

Front 48

What parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

Back 48

The ascending and descending portions

*the rectum is also retroperitoneal*

Front 49

Describe the arterial supply to the colon.

Back 49

1. Cecum - ileocolic artery
2. Ascending colon - ileocolic and right colic arteries
3. Transverse colon - middle colic and ascending branch of left colic (from inferior mesenteric)
4. Descending colon - descending branch of the left colic artery
5. Sigmoid colon - sigmoid artery (from inf. mesenteric)

Front 50

Where do the digestive organs change from midgut derivatives to hindgut derivatives?

Back 50

At the transverse colon - the proximal 2/3 is midgut, the distal 1/3 is hindgut

Front 51

What are the hepatic and splenic flexures?

Back 51

Both are about a 90 degree angle.

The hepatic flexure is the transition from the ascending colon to the transverse colon.
The splenic flexure is inferior to the spleen - it is where the tranverse colon becomes the descending colon.

Front 52

What artery supplies the rectum?

Back 52

The superior rectal artery and the inferior rectal artery(from the pudendal artery)

Front 53

Where are the anal sphincters located?

Back 53

Anal canal

Front 54

What two veins form the portal vein?

Back 54

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Front 55

What would be the best method to surgically remove the spleen?

Back 55

Tie off the splenic artery, cutting off the blood supply. Wait for the organ to drain via the veins, then remove it.

Front 56

Describe the pathway of blood coming from the splenic vein to the liver.

Back 56

The splenic vein and the inferior mesentery vein join with the superior mesenteric vein, which turn into the portal vein.
The portal vein drains blood into hepatic sinuses, which drain to the central hepatic vein.
The central hepatic vein empties into the inferior vena cava.