Bisc 130 Anterior/medial/posterior Thigh And Gluteal Region Iii

Front 1

What is the fascia lata?

Back 1

A deep fascia that forms a tight fitting sleeve around the thigh, thin medially, thick laterally

Front 2

What vein is located in the fascia lata?

Back 2

Saphenous vein

Front 3

What is the IT band?

Back 3

Where the fasica lata becomes thick laterally. It is a conjoined tendon for insertion of the gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles into the deep fascia of the thigh.

Front 4

Where does the IT band extend to?

Back 4

It extends down the lateral aspect of the thigh and inserts into the tibia (going around the bones of the knee)

Front 5

The fascial septa forms how many compartments in the thigh? How are they named?

Back 5

The septa form three compartments: anterior, medial, and posterior.

Front 6

What muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 6

The quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius) and sartorius.

Front 7

What nerve innervates all muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 7

Femoral nerve

Front 8

What is the superior border of the thigh?

Back 8

Inguinal ligament to pubic symphysis

Front 9

Rectus femoris

Back 9

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity through the patellar ligament
Action: Flexes the hip and extends the knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Front 10

Vastus lateralis

Back 10

Origin: Lat. lip of the linea aspera
Insertion: Patella and down to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends the knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Front 11

Vastus medialis

Back 11

Origin: Med. lip of the linea aspera
Insertion: Patella and the tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends the knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Front 12

Vastus intermedius

Back 12

Origin: Shaft of the femur
Insertion: Tendon of rectus femoris and vastus muscles (quadriceps tendon)
Action: Extends the knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Front 13

What is the patellar ligament an extension of?

Back 13

The quadriceps ligament

Front 14

Sartorius

Back 14

*longest muscle in the body*

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Med. surface of the tibia
Action: Flexes hip and knee
Innervation: Femoral nerve

Front 15

What muscles are found in medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 15

Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracilis

Front 16

Pectineus

Back 16

Origin: Pectineal line of the pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of the femur
Action: Flex, adduct, and med. rotate at the hip
Innervation: Femoral nerve *exception*

Front 17

Adductor longus

Back 17

Origin: Body of the pubis
Insertion: Med. lip of the linea aspera
Action: Flex, adduct, and med. rotate at the hip
Innervation: Obturator nerve

Front 18

Adductor brevis

Back 18

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line and linea aspera
Action: Flex, adduct, and med. rotate hip
Innervation: Obturator nerve

Front 19

Adductor magnus

Back 19

Origin: Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle on medial condyle of the femur
Action: Upper fibers - flex, med. rotate, and adduct hip
Lower fibers - Extend, lat. rotate, and adduct hip
Innervation: Upper - obturator nerve
Lower - Tibial/sciatic nerve

Front 20

Gracilis

Back 20

Origin: Body of the pubis
Insertion: Med. surface of the tibia
Action: Adduct hip and flex knee
Innervation: Obturator nerve

Front 21

What are the borders of the femoral triangle (lat, med, sup, roof/floor)?

Back 21

Lateral: med. border of sartorius
Medial: med. border of adductor longus
Superior: inguinal ligament
Roof: fascia lata
Floor: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus

Front 22

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Back 22

Femoral NAV

Front 23

Where does the saphenous vein empty into?

Back 23

The femoral vein

Front 24

What is the order of the femoral NAV in the femoral triangle (lat to med)?

Back 24

Nerve, artery, vein

Front 25

What are the boundaries of the subsartorial canal?

Back 25

Lateral: Vastus medialis
Medial: Adductor longus (and magnus)
Roof: Sartorius

Front 26

What are the contents of the subsartorial canal?

Back 26

Femoral artery and vein and saphenous nerve

Front 27

What does the saphenous nerve branch from?

Back 27

The femoral nerve

Front 28

What artery supplies the thigh muscles?

Back 28

Profunda femoris

Front 29

What is the site for injection of dye in an arteriogram?

Back 29

Into the femoral artery in the femoral triangle

Front 30

What muscles are located in the posterior thigh?

Back 30

Biceps femoris (long head and short head), semimembranosus, and semitendinosus

Front 31

Biceps femoris

Back 31

*Lateral hamstrings*

Origin: Long head - ischial tuberosity
Short head - linea aspera
Insertion: Fibular head (attach laterally)
Action: Flex knee; long head can extend hip
Innervation: Long head - tibial/sciatic
Short head - peroneal/sciatic

Front 32

Semimembranosus

Back 32

*Medial hamstrings*

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: Flex knee (mainly); extend hip
Innervation: Tibial/sciatic nerve

Front 33

Semitendinosus

Back 33

*Medial hamstrings*

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Med. surface of the tibia
Action: Flex knee (mainly); extend hip
Innervation: Tibial/sciatic

Front 34

What blood vessels supply the posterior thigh?

Back 34

Perforating arteries from the profunda femoris (come through adductor magnus from anterior) and inferior gluteal artery

Front 35

What nerve(s) supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Back 35

Tibial/sciatic EXCEPT the short head of the biceps femoris, supplied by the common peroneal

Front 36

What blood vessels supply the gluteal region?

Back 36

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and gluteal veins

Front 37

Where are the superior and inferior gluteal NAV located?

Back 37

Above (sup.) and below (inf.) the pisiform muscle

Front 38

The gluteal region has extensive cutaneous/motor innervation from nerves T12-S3.

Back 38

Cutaneous

Front 39

In order to avoid the sciatic nerve and various blood vessels, where are injections to the gluteal region given?

Back 39

The superolateral quadrant (area of the gluteus meatus muscle)

Front 40

What four bones are associated with the gluteal region?

Back 40

Ilium, ischium, pubis, and femur

Front 41

Where are the sciatic notches located?

Back 41

Above(greater) and below(lesser) the ischial spine

Front 42

What ligaments "close" the sciatic notches and create a foramen?

Back 42

Sacrospinus and sacrotuberis ligaments

Front 43

What is found at the greater sciatic notch?

Back 43

Sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, piriformis muscle

Front 44

What is located at the lesser sciatic notch?

Back 44

Pudendal nerve (exiting) and obturator internis muscle

Front 45

What is the significance of the obturator foramen?

Back 45

It is covered by the obturator membrane, and the external side is the attachment of the obturator externis. The internal side of the membrane has the attachment of the obturator internis.

Front 46

Gluteus maximus

Back 46

Origin: Ilium and sacrum
Insertion: Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Action: Extend and lat. rotate the hip
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve

Front 47

Gluteus medius

Back 47

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Abduct the hip; ant. fibers flex and med. rotate the hip; post. fibers extend and lat. rotate the hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Front 48

Gluteus minimus

Back 48

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Abduct hip; ant. fibers flex and med. rotate hip; post. fibers extend and lat. rotate hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Front 49

What two gluteal muscles are very important for stance phase (weight-bearing)?

Back 49

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus; they hold the hips to articulate with the femur at 90 degrees

Front 50

What would happen if the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus were too weak?

Back 50

The ipslateral hip would be adducted

Front 51

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 51

Origin: Iliac crest and ASIS
Insertion: Iliotibial tract (IT band)
Action: Flex, abduct, and med. rotate the hip
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

Front 52

Basically, where do all the lateral rotatores insert?

Back 52

In or around the greater trochanter of the femur

Front 53

What is the general action and innervation of the lateral rotatores?

Back 53

All laterally rotate the hip and are innervated by nerves from the sacral plexus

Front 54

What are the six lateral rotatores of the gluteal region?

Back 54

1. Piriformis
2. Superior gemellus
3. Obturator internus
4. Inferior gemellus
5. Quadratus femoris
6. Obturator externus

Front 55

Damage or strain to the piriformis muscle can cause problems with which nerve?

Back 55

Sciatic

Front 56

What five nerves are associated with the gluteal region and posterior thigh?

Back 56

1. Superior gluteal
2. Inferior gluteal
3. Pudendal (just passing through)
4. Posterior femoral cutaneous
5. Sciatic

Front 57

Of the four posterior thigh muscles, how many originate at the ischial tuberosity? What muscles are they?

Back 57

Three: Long head of the biceps femoris, semitendonosus and semimembranosus
*Short head of the biceps femoris originates on the linea aspera*