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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Are all birthmarks present at birth?
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NO - some may come on later (0-10 years)
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Are birth marks hereditary?
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No
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What exactly are birthmarks?
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Excess/deficiency of one of the normal skin components
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What are the different kinds of vascular birthmarks?
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Salmon patch
Port wine stain Hemangioma |
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What is a salmon patch?
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Dilated, persistent fetal capillaries
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What does a salmon patch look like?
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Dull, flat, pink
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Where does a salmon patch occur?
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Nape of neck
Glabella Upper eyelids |
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Do salmon patches persist?
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It depends!
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What is in a port wine stain?
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Dilated mature dermal capillaries
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What does a port wine stain look like?
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Flat
Pink/rose Often on face, unilateral |
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A port wine stain in what part of the face is worrying? Why?
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V1, V2: glaucoma
V1: risk of sturge weber Limb: kippel-treuarny |
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What's the treatment for port wine stains?
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Pulse dye laser treatment
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What symptoms are there of sturge-weber syndrome?
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Facial port wine syndrome in V1
CNS involvement -Seizures Mental retardation -Hemiplegia Eye abnormalities |
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If ababy has a VI port wine, what do you order up?
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MRI for CNS involvement
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What are the components of a hemanigomas?
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Endothelial cells
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What is the most common vascular tumor kids?
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Hemangiomas
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Who gets hemangiomas?
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Females
Preterm/Low BW |
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What are the different types of hemangiomas?
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Superficial
Mixed Deep |
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What is the course of hemangiomas?
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1. Rapid proliferation (2-4 weeks - 12 mo)
2. Stabilization/plateau 3. Spontaneous slow involution 20-50% leave remaining manifestations |
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What are comlications of hemangiomas?
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Ulceration
Obstruction of vital functions Psychosocial concerns High output cardiac failure: RARE |
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Where are places that are at risk for hemangiomas?
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Lips, perineum
Nose Cervigofacial Periorbital Parotid Lumbosacral |
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If someone has more than 5 hemangiomas, what do you diagnose them with?
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Neonatal hemangiomatosis
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What are the kinds of hemangiomas?
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Benign
Disseminated -3 separate organ systems, most commonly the liver |
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What's the treatment for hemangiomas?
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Most don't need anything
If there are problems: -Steroids -Lasers -Propanolol |
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What types of vascular birthmarks need treatment?
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Port wine stains
Ulcerated hemmangiomas Hemangiomas that interfere with vital function Massive/multiple lesions associated with thrombocytopenia Cosmetically disfiguring lesions |
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What are the the different kinds of pigment cell birthmarks?
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Dermal melanocytosis
Cafe-Au-Lait macule Congenital melanocytic nevus Ash leaf macule |
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What does melanocytosis present like?
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Slate blue/gray/black on butt, sacrum
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Who gets dermal melangiocytosis?
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African-american, asian infants
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What's the prognosis for dermal melanocytosis?
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It's going to fade by puberty
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What is inside care-au-lait macules?
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Increased melanocytes in the context of increased melanin
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What disease is associated with large numbers of cafe-au-lait macules?
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NF if 6 or more
>.5cm, prepubertal >1.5, post-pubertal. |
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If someone has large cafe-au-lait macules with jagged edges, what should you think?
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McCune-Albright syndrome
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What are the cellular components of congenital melanocytic nevus?
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Nests of melanocytes (more than normal)
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What is the appearance of congenital melanocytic nevus?
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Variable color, border, surface
Some can have hair coming out Brown |
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What kinds of CMN are more risky?
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Large ones: >20 cm
Higher risk of melanoma in 1st decade of life Also, you can have CNS abnormalities. |
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What are the components in an ash leaf macule?
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Normal melanocytes, but less melanin
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What is the appearance of an ash leaf macule?
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Hypopigmented
1-3 cm, irregular margins Ash-leaf shaped |
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If you have 3 or more ash leaf macules, what should you think?
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Tuberous sclerosis
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What problems are found in tuberous sclerosis?
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Seizures
Mental deficiency Skin lesions -Angiofibromas -Connective tissue nevi -Ungual, gingival fibromas |
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What kinds of pigment cell birthmarks need treatment?
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Congenital melanocytic nevi that are big
Risks of melanoma, CNS involvement |
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What are the different kinds of epidermal birthmarks?
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Epidermal nevus
Nevus sebaceous Connective tissue nevus Aplasia cutis congenita |
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What does an epidermal nevus consist of?
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Overgrowth of keratinocytes
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What does an epidermal nevus look like?
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Look warty, linear in appearance.
PIgmented |
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What are the abnormalities causing nevus sebaceous?
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Increased sebaceous glands with no hair follicles?
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Where is nevus sebaceous found?
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Head/neck
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What does a nevus sebaceous look like?
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Yellow - orange
Oval - liear plaque NO HAIR! |
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What are the components of a connective tissue evus?
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increased dermal collagen/elastin
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What does a connectie tissue nevus look like?
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Flesh-colord yellow nodules/plaques
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Where does a conective tissue nevus occur?
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Trunk > extremities
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What syndromes are associated with connective tissue nevus?
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Tuberous sclerosis
Buschke-Ollendorff |
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What problems are found in buschke-ollendorff syndrome?
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Boe dysplasia
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What is aplasia cutis congenita?
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Just a place in the skin that's lacking epidermis/dermis.
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Where does aplasia cutis congenita occur?
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ON the head
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What kids of epidermal birthmarks need treatmnet?
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Nevus sebaceous
Cosmetically disfiguring lesions Local wound care |
