Biopsych Test 3 - Language

Front 1

the ability to produce new signals to represent new ideas

Back 1

productivity

Front 2

African gray parrot

Back 2

-imitate sounds and use them meaningfully

Front 3

two theories of why humans have language more than other species?

Back 3

1. language evolved as a by-product of overall brain development
2. evolved as a brain specialization

Front 4

problems with language as product of overall brain development

Back 4

1. people with full sized brains with impaired language
2. williams syndrome

Front 5

people have this syndrome if they are mentally retarded but have good language skills

Back 5

williams syndrome

Front 6

a built in mechanism for acquiring language
-evidence?

Back 6

language acquisition device
-how easy children develop language

Front 7

evidence for language as brain specialization theory

Back 7

1. language acquisition device
2. poverty of stimulus - children do not hear many of examples of some of the grammatical structures they acquire

Front 8

language universals

Back 8

-phonemes, symbols, syntactic categories, syntactic rules

Front 9

development time for phonemes

Back 9

6-11 months

Front 10

development time for words

Back 10

12-17 months (2 or 3 words)

Front 11

development time for syntactic categories

Back 11

18-23 months (combining words)

Front 12

syntactic rules

Back 12

2-3 years (2 or 3 word phrases)

Front 13

difference between learning spoken language and written language

Back 13

spoken language - spontaneous, exposure to social environment
written language - learned

Front 14

four brain areas for speech and language

Back 14

broca's area, wernicke's area, supamarginal gyrus, angular gyrus

Front 15

responsible for production of speech

Back 15

left inferior frontal lobe - broca's area

Front 16

responsible for comprehension of speech

Back 16

wernicke's area - superior temporal lobe

Front 17

located on the temporal/occipital/parietal lobe, responsible for encoding language

Back 17

angular gyrus

Front 18

located on parietal lobe, responsible for repetition of speech

Back 18

supramarginal gyrus

Front 19

brain injury resulting in difficulty producing speech, impaired reading and writing, but still good comprehension
-location?

Back 19

broca's aphasia - nonfluent aphasia
-left inferior frontal region

Front 20

brain injury resulting in fluent speech but paraphasias, impaired comprehension, and impaired retention
-location?

Back 20

wernicke's area - superior temporal lobe also called fluent aphasia

Front 21

total loss of language comprehension and production, inability to read and write

Back 21

global aphasia

Front 22

abnormal cortical organization, abnormal planum temporale - results in reading problems for someone who is otherwise academically adequate

Back 22

dyslexia

Front 23

disorder of reading

Back 23

alexia

Front 24

disorder of writing

Back 24

agraphia

Front 25

bilingualism

Back 25

-languages all processed by same areas of brain
-temporal and frontal cortex thicker for those that are fluent in two languages from childhood
-greater brain activity for second language

Front 26

people who have undergone surgery to the corpus callosum
-characteristics?

Back 26

split brain people
-use hands independently
-respond differently to stimuli presented to only one side of the body

Front 27

hemisphere for language, focus on visual details

Back 27

left

Front 28

hemisphere for emotions and spatial relationships, focus on visual patterns

Back 28

right

Front 29

being born without a corpus callosum results in?

Back 29

-extra development of anterior commissure and hippocampal commissure

Front 30

one section of the temporal cortex is larger in the left hemisphere for 65% of people

Back 30

planum temporale - difference slightly greater for people who are strongly right handed

Front 31

difference of planum temporale?

Back 31

related to increased language performance