Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the amount of heat required to change a bodies temperature called? |
Heat Capacity |
|
|
Molar Heat Capacity |
Heat capacity per mole of a pure substance |
|
|
Specific Heat Capacity |
Heat capacity per unit body mass |
|
|
What type of qualities are specific and molar heat capacity? |
Intensive qualities |
|
|
Intensive Qualities |
Qualities which are not dependent on the amount of material but directly reflected on the type of material and the conditions of heating. |
|
|
Thermal Capacitance |
Ability of a body to store heat |
|
|
What happens to thermal mass when surrounded by heat? |
It will absorb heat. |
|
|
What happens to thermal mass when surrounded by cold? |
It will give back heat to the surroundings. |
|
|
What is the effect of insulation? |
It reduces the thermal conductivity, allows mass to be heated and cooled relatively separate from the environment. |
|
|
Give two types of heating up and an example of each. |
Passive - solar power Active - Basking |
|
|
Give three functions of internal combustion in the cell furnace. |
Slowing down - energy release from substrate. Binding - chemical energy in high energy phosphorus bonds. Heating up the cell. |
|
|
Name two types of cooling down and give an example of each. |
Passive - Radiation Forced - Sweating |
|
|
List four features of an animals heat engine. |
It must reach every part of the organism. It has good thermal conductivity. High heat capacity Heat exchange with the environment. |
|
|
Give three examples of insulation. |
Skin/Fur Fat/Blubber Behavior |
|
|
Is heat retention easier for large or small animals? |
Large animals. |
|
|
Why do horses and cows have different temperatures? |
Due to the cows having fermentation chamber |
|
|
The ability of an organism to regulate its body temperature is called what? |
Thermoregulation |
|
|
Define thermal optimum |
Ideal boundaries for biological processes such as growth and development, normally characteristic of a species or population. |
|
|
Where is ATP burned that causes shivering? |
In the muscle. |
|
|
Why does shivering occur? |
Burning ATP in muscle tissue without real movement because opposing muscle pairs are activated at the same time. |
|
|
What is an endotherm and give and example? |
Warm blooded creatures who maintain a fairly constant internal body temperature, obtaining heat energy from the oxidation of food. Mammals and Birds |
|
|
What is an ectotherm and give an example? |
Cold blooded animals that have no control over their body temperature, they obtain heat from their external environment and as such it varies greatly. Bacteria, Fish. |
|
|
Advantage and disadvantage of being and endotherm. |
Producing heat uses up a lot of the energy from food. They have environmental independence. |
|
|
Three behavors ectoderms use to absorb heat. |
Basking Extracting heat from stones Colour changing. |
|
|
What is the apparent temperature felt on exposed skin which is a function of air temperature and wind speed called? |
Wind chill. |
|
|
What is the effect of humidity on internal temperature? |
It increases the loss of heat in cold conditions and impairs heat loss by evaporation in hot temperatures. |
|
|
Name the two laws of thermodynamics relevant here. |
Zeroth law Second law |
|
|
Frostbite |
Localised damage caused to skin and other tissue due to extreme cold. |
|
|
Give another name for fever. |
Controlled hypothermia. |
|
|
Define fever. |
Elevation of temperature above its normal range due to an increase in the body's regulatory set point. |
|
|
List two positive and two negative effects of fever. |
Positive Speed up immunological reactions Lymphocyte replication Hindering pathogens with strict temp range. Negative Heat damage of tissues Cross species pathogen infections. |
|
|
Name the process which eliminates and kills all forms of life. |
Sterilisation |
|
|
List four features of the sterilisation process. |
1. Denaturation of proteins 2. Implosion of cells 3. Dissolving of cell membrane 4. DNA and lipid oxidation.
|
|
|
Give three examples of sterilisation. |
Chemicals Filtration Irradiation |
|
|
What is heat surgery called? |
Cauterisation |
|
|
What is cauterisation used fpr? |
Stop bleeding in small blood vessels and cut through soft tissues. |
|
|
What are the reasons for using localised heating? |
Induces localised increase in temperature via radiation, conduction or local inflammatory reaction. It increases blood flow, enzyme activity and induces immune response. |
|
|
What is the use of low temperatures in medical therapy called? |
Cryotherapy. |
|
|
Cryosurgery |
Application of extreme cold (liquid nigtrogen) to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. |
|
|
List the three steps of Cryoblastion. |
Forming of ice chrystals within cells. Coagulation of blood thereby causing ischemia and cell death. Induction of apoptosis. |
|
|
Where would Cryoblastion be used? |
Oncology Cosmetics Eye and skin surgery. |
|
|
What temperatures are used in hilotherapy? |
10-20C |
|
|
What is the effect of hilotherapy? |
Immediate vasoconstriction with reflexive vasodilation, decreased local metabolism and enzymatic activity and decreased oxygen demand. |
|
|
What are the effects of ice pack therapy? |
Absorbs heat of a closed traumatic or oedematous injury, decrease of muscle spindle fibre activity and slower nerve reaction. |
|
|
Give two benefits of clod in transplantology. |
Slows metabolism in isolated tissues prolonging ischaemic storage period. Slows metabolic process, heart beat and breathing in patients prepared for heart transplantation. |
