Biology Vocab Quiz Cell Structure

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prokaryote

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bacteria (archaebacteria and eubacteria) no nucleus; no membrane bound organelles does have a cell membrane, DNA and ribosomes unicellular simple; first cells on the planet were prokaryotes

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eukaryote

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protists, fungi, plants, animals nucleus; membrane bound organelles cell membrane, DNA and ribosomes unicellular or multicellular complex; evolved after prokaryotes

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bacteria

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prokaryotes; no nucleus; no membrane bound organellessimple; small; first living things on the planet

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protist

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single celled eukaryote; some have cell walls some are heterotrophs; some are autotrophs have mitochondria and some have chloroplasts and other membrane bound organelles

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fungi

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multicelled eukaryotes (except yeast) heterotrophs; cell walls of chitin have mitochondria and other membrane bound organelles (but not chloroplasts)

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plants

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multicelled eukaryotes; photosynthetic autotrophs; cell walls of cellulose have mitochondria and chloroplasts and other membrane bound organelles

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animals

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multicelled eukaryotes; heterotrophs; no cell walls have mitochondria and other membrane bound organelles (but not chloroplasts)

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chromosome

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a molecule of DNA

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inhibit

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slow down

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synthesis

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to make

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DNA synthesis

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to make DNA, happens in the nucleus

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RNA synthesis

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to make RNA, happens in the nucleus

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protein synthesis

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to make proteins, happens in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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nucleus

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contains DNA, protects DNA

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organelle

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structure inside a cell with a special function those with membranes function to compartmentalize the cell (different things happen in each compartment)

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plastid

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organelle found in a plant

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chloroplast

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organelle that does photosynthesis (makes sugar)(autotrophic eukaryotes only; (plants and some protists)); membranous; has the pigment chlorophyll

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chlorophyll

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photosynthetic pigment; in chloroplasts or eukaryotes not in chloroplasts in prokarytoes

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mitochondrion

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organelle that does cellular respiration (in all eukaryotes); breaks down sugar to make ATPmembranous

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ribosome

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organelle where all proteins are made

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rough endoplasmic reticulum

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transports and modifies proteins

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smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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makes and transports lipids

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golgi body

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modifies and transports proteins

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secrete

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to send out of the cell

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lysosomes

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eukaryotic organelle (membranous); breaks down bacteria or viruses or cancer cells or worn out cell parts; contains digestive enzymes

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vesicle

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membranous sac

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cell wall

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protects cells and prevents cells from bursting found in plant cells (cellulose), fungal cells (chitin), some protist cells, and bacterial cells

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cell membrane

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also called the plasma membranekeeps the cell together; all cells have this made of a lipid bilyaer with proteins and carbs in it

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cilia

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little projections on a cell that move the cell or move something by the cell (found in the respiratory passages)

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flagella

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longer extensions of the cell membrane that move a cell

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microvilli

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extensions of the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption

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virus

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not made of cells; non-living; smaller than cellsmade of a protein coat and either DNA or RNA; an enzyme no organelles lacks the cellular machinery for reproducing

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host

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an organism that has a parasite

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parasite

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an organism living off of (and hurting) another organism