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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the path of H2O through a land plant |
Enters roots, up stem, out stomata in leaf |
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Why do plant cells need water in order to survive? |
Water is needed for chemical reactions such as photosynthesis |
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Describe the path of oxygen and carbon dioxide movement in the leaves |
CO2 in, oxygen out |
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Explain the direction of gas diffusion into and out of the leaves |
Carbon dioxide is a reactant in photosynthesis and O2 is a product |
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What is a hydrogen bond? |
Electrostatic attraction between partial positive and partial negative charges |
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Are hydrogen bonds weaker or stronger than covalent bonds? |
Hydrogen bonds are weaker, they break and reform. |
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What is the maximum number of hydrogen bonds that each water molecule can form? |
4 |
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Name and describe two structural features of the leaf that are designed to reduce a plant's water loss |
Waxy cuticle and stomata |
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What is the function of a terrestrial plant's roots? |
To absorb water from the soil |
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What is the function of plants' xylem? |
Transport water through plant tissues |
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When a leaf is in the light and its stomata are open, in which direction are the following moving through the stomata: H2O, CO2, 02? |
CO2 in H2O and O2 out |
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Water is able to move against gravity due to ___ bonds between water molecules |
Hydrogen |
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When water molecules "stick" to each other due to __ bonds, pulling each other up in a long chain, this is called ____________. |
Hydrogen Cohesion |
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The pull of water molecules evaporating from the _______ pulls on the chain of water molecules below |
Stomata |
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How do root hairs affect total surface area of the root system? |
Root hairs increases surface area to volume ratio making diffusion more efficient |
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Which substances would be able to directly cross the bilayer of a cell? |
Carbon dioxide , oxygen, methylmercury |
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When a substance moves from high concentration to low concentration, what is that process? |
Diffusion |
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Is diffusion active or passive? What does it mean to be an active process? |
Diffusion is passive. To be an active process, ATP (basically, energy) is required. |
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Diffusion is due to ________ energy |
Kinetic |
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Why is diffusion passive? |
It is random molecular motion, due to heat |
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Which type of substances can simply diffuse through the lipid bilayer? |
Small and nonpolar |
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Which type of substances must be helped by passing through protein channels? |
Polar and larger substances like glucose and water |
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Diffusion through the lipid bilayer and assistance through the lipid bilayer with protein channels are both considered ___________ transport. |
Passive |
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What is the function of our lungs |
Gas exchange: O2 in, CO2 out |
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How do alveoli affect the surface area available for gas exchange in the lungs? |
Alveoli dramatically increase the surface area of the lungs |
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How do alveoli affect the efficiency of gas exchange? |
Dramatically increases the efficiency of gas exchange, allowing us to be "warm-blooded" and very active |
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Oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into the blood because the O2 is__________ in the alveoli than in the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood and into the alveoli because the CO2 is ___________ in the alveoli than the blood. |
Higher Lower Consider diffusion of high [ ] to low [ ] |
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Would a large surface area to volume ratio or a small surface area to volume ratio be most efficient at diffusion? |
Large |
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Hypotonic: less Hypertonic: more Isotonic: equal (Sugar??) |
Ya |
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Why would the organism at the top of a food chain have the most methylmercury? |
Methylmercury bioaccumulates. It will increase up the food chain as organisms accumulate the mm that is found in their food. The predator/top organism is at the highest trophic level. |
