Biology Unit #1

Front 1

Fact

Back 1

Piece of evidence; no matter how you try it always works out.

Front 2

Belief

Back 2

No evidence; not right or wrong

Front 3

Theory

Back 3

Explanation based on evidence. Changed or modified with new evidence

Front 4

Scientific Law

Back 4

Not fact; all evidence supports it, none disproves it.

Front 5

Control

Back 5

All parts and conditions are the same

Front 6

Variable

Back 6

Factor that is different. Thing you're testing

Front 7

Biogenesis

Back 7

all living arise from other living of the same type.

Front 8

Abiogenisis

Back 8

Spontaneous generation; Living can come from non-living.

Front 9

ATP funtions

Back 9

1)move substances through cell membrane.
2)energy for muscle contractions.
3)Energy for chromosomes
4)"on-off" switch for chem. reactions and sends messages.

Front 10

peptide bond

Back 10

bond between amino acids

Front 11

polypeptide chain

Back 11

all amino acids in a sequence

Front 12

cell

Back 12

basic unit of life

Front 13

cell membrane

Back 13

allows things in and out of cell

Front 14

ribosome

Back 14

synthesize proteins

Front 15

mitochondrion

Back 15

makes energy (ATP) from sugar

Front 16

nucleus

Back 16

determines cell activities

Front 17

Somatic

Back 17

body cell type (mitosis)

Front 18

gamete

Back 18

Reproductive cell type (meiosis)

Front 19

purpose of mitosis cells

Back 19

repair

Front 20

purpose of meiosis

Back 20

reproduction

Front 21

nucleotide composition

Back 21

phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar
nitrogen base

Front 22

nitrogen bases

Back 22

adenine, thymine
guanine, cytosine

Front 23

DNA functions

Back 23

produce organisms traits
info storage and faithful replication

Front 24

Mutation

Back 24

change in nitrogen base sequence

Front 25

Semi-conservative replication

Back 25

enzyme unwinds the DNA and separates nitrogen bases.
another enzyme sticks complimentary base pairs together

Front 26

results of DNA replication

Back 26

2 exact DNA strands from 1

Front 27

Diffusion

Back 27

most important molecules enter and leave the cell

Front 28

signal transduction cascade

Back 28

chemical messengers travel through the body, attach to a cell at receptor site, and cause chemical changes in cell.

Front 29

metabolism

Back 29

many chem. reactions per min.

Front 30

funtions of proteins

Back 30

muscle contraction
transport oxygen in bloodstream
provide immunity
carry out chem. reactions

Front 31

enzymes

Back 31

speed up chem. reactions.
enable reactions to occur in given cell conditions

Front 32

Diploid

Back 32

2 of each chrom.

Front 33

haploid

Back 33

one of each chromosome

Front 34

Classical theory of inheritance:

Back 34

DNA we inherit from our parents determine the traits we will have.

Front 35

Lamarck's theory

Back 35

theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

Front 36

Genotypes

Back 36

each parent gives 2 to a certain trait

Front 37

phenotypes

Back 37

certain trait the body might receive

Front 38

mendel's law of segregation

Back 38

fertilization occurs at random

Front 39

autosomal

Back 39

comes from 1st 22 chromosomes

Front 40

restriction enzymes

Back 40

cut DNA

Front 41

Why cut DNA

Back 41

to ID humans and organisms
genetically change organism

Front 42

plasmid DNA

Back 42

loop of DNA only found in bacteria.

Front 43

Why insert gene into plasmid?

Back 43

bacteria cells produce human protein.
human get enough of certain protein

Front 44

why? gel electrophoresis

Back 44

to ID an organism

Front 45

Karyotype

Back 45

all chorm. arranged a pairs.

Front 46

How are karyotypes paired?

Back 46

Size or chrom, bonding pattern, and location of centromere.