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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the different types of hormones? |
1-amino acid derivatives 2-peptides 3-Amino acid derivatives |
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Peptide hormones |
-composed are made up of amino acids they could be short or long. -they are charged, must bind to a receptor on cell memb. - it is considered a primary messenger. |
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what are some common second messengers? |
1- Cyclin Adenosine monophosphate. (cAMP). 2-inositol triphosphate. (IP3). |
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give an example of how might a peptide hormone (first messenger work). |
1- first messenger/hormone binds to receptor 2- receptor activates/deactivates adenylate cyclase. 3- adenylate cyclase lowers or higher cAMP (second messenger). 4- cAMP binds to protein kinase. 5-Protein kinase phosphorylates CREB. ( cyclinc response element binding). |
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Do peptide hormones need carriers in the blood stream? |
No they don't because they are water soluble |
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Do steroid hormones need carriers in the blood stream? |
Yes they do, because they are not water soluble. They must be carried by proteins in the bloodstream |
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What is the mechanism of function for the steroid hormones? |
1- they are nonpolar so they diffuse through the membrane to bind to their intracellular receptors. 2- they bind to the intracellular receptors go through conformational change and bind to DNA 3-they can increase or decrease transcription factors of gene. |
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amino acid-derivative hormones |
like epinephrine and norepinepherine, triiodothryronine, and thyroxine. notice the ending with "ine" |
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Direct hormones vs. Tropic hormones |
direct: secreted then directly act on a target tissue. Tropic: require and intermediary to act. They stimulate the production of another hormone by another endocrine gland. |
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Adrenal cortex is a gland that produces hormones. what kind of hormones does it produce? |
steroid hormones |
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what are the endocrine glands? |
1-pancreas 2- gondas (testes and ovaries). 3-pineal gland 4-pituitary gland 5-thyroid gland 6-hypothalamus. 7-PARATHYROID glands 8-Adrenal glands |
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Hypothalamus (gland) |
-Located in the forebrain. -produces tropic hormones to regulate the pituitary gland (paracrine, aka local hormones that affect the pituitary). |
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What role does the hypothalamus play in body functions |
1- superachiasmatic nucleus recevies some of the light input from retina and controls sleep. 2-Blood osmolarity, appetite and satiety. 3-emotional experience and aggression. |
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what kind of regulation does the hypothalamus have? |
negative feedback. |
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How does the thalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary? |
by producing its tropic hormones in the hypopheseal portal system. |
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what are the hormones produced in the pheseal portal system by the hypothalamus? and what do they do? |
they go to the anterior pituitary. 1-Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)-> Leutinizing hormone(LH) and Follicile stimulating hormone.(FSH). 2- Thyroid releasing hormone---> Thyroid hormone 3-Growth-releasing hormone--> growth hormone. 4- Corticotropin-releasing hormone hormone--> adrenocortitropic hormone 5-prolactin-inhibition factor (PIF) inhibits the production of prolactin. |
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HOW do Hypothalamus-posterior pituitary communicate? And what are the post. Pituitary hormones produced? |
BY Neurons NOT hormones released by the hypothalamus. They go to the post.Pituitary and release two diff hormones. 1-oxytocin=stimulates uteris contractions and milk production. 2-Anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin).= Reabsorbs water in the ducts of kidneys. |
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what are the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary? |
1- follicle stimulating Hormone 2-Leutinzing hormone 3-Adrenocortitropic hormone 4-Thyroid 5-Prolactin 6-Endorphin 7-Growth hormone. |
FLAT PEG |
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in milk production and ejection, what are the two pathways followed to produce milk? |
1- Hypothalamus causes oxytocin to be produced from the posterior pituitary. 2- Hypothalamus stops the (PIF) or dopamine that inhibits the production of prolactin in the anterior pituitary. |
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where is growth hormone produced? what does it do? and How? |
1- produced by anterior pituitary 2- Prevents uptake of glucose by tissue. 3- this prevention makes glucose more available for muscles and bone to use up for growth. |
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where is Antidiuretic hormone produced and what does it do? |
it is produced in the posterior pituitary. It reabsorbs water from the filtirate in the nephron and increases the kidney ducts' permeability to water. |
CAUSES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. |
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what kind of feedback does oxytocin have and why is it produced |
it has a positive feedback, the more contractions the more it is produced. During lactation and uterus contractions |
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1-what hormone controls the thyroid and 2-what hormones are produced by the thyroid. |
thyroid stimulating hormone( ant. pit) controls it. -triiodothyronine and thyroxine. -Calcitonin |
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE THYROID |
1- setting the base for metabolic rate 2- Calcium homeostasis. |
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what functions do triiodothyronine and thyroxine preform |
SETTING THE BASE OF METABOLIC RATE. |
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Where is calcitonin produced and what does it do? |
produced in thyroid and calcium homeostasis. |
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T3 and T4 have a feedback on TSH and TRH, what is it |
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK. |
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Parathyroid glands: location. And hormones |
posterior to thyroid. They produce Parathyroid hormone, which has an opposite effect of calcium. |
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what are the effects of parathyroid production |
increasing the calcium levels in the body. RESPORTION from the bones (release). increased absorption by the gut. Decrease excretion by the kidnesy |
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