Biology Test

Front 1

Ecology

Back 1

is the study of the interactions among living things, and between living things and their surroundings.

Front 2

Organism

Back 2

individual living thing

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Population

Back 3

group of the same species that lives in one area

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Community

Back 4

group of different species that live together in one area.

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Ecosystem

Back 5

includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks, and other nonliving things in a given area.Ecosystems can vary in size. An entire ecosystem may live within a decay-ing log, which in turn may be part of a larger wetland ecosystem

Front 6

Biome

Back 6

major regional or global community of organisms. Biomes are usually characterized by the climate conditions and plant communities that thrive there.

Front 7

What do ecologists study?

Back 7

relationships within each level of organization and also between levels.

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Observation

Back 8

act of carefully watching something over time

Front 9

Biotic

Back 9

factors are living things, such as plants, animals,fungi, and bacteria. Each organism plays a particular role in the ecosystem

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Abiotic

Back 10

factors are nonliving things such as moisture,temperature, wind, sunlight, and soil. The balance of these factors determines which living things can survive in a particular environment.

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Biodiverdity

Back 11

assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem.

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Keystone species

Back 12

species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.

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Producer

Back 13

are organisms that get their energy from nonliving resources, meaning they make their own food.

Front 14

What are producers also called?

Back 14

autotroph

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Consumer

Back 15

are organisms that get their energy by eating other living or once living resources.

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What are consumers also called?

Back 16

heterotrophs

Front 17

Chemosynthesis

Back 17

process by which an organism forms carbohydrates using chemicals, rather than light, as an energy source

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Food chain

Back 18

sequence that links species by their feeding relationships

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Herbivores

Back 19

organisms that eat only plants.

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Carnivores

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are organisms that eat only animals.

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Omnivores

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are organisms that eat both plants and animals.

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Detritivores

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are organisms that eat detritus, or dead organic matter.

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Decomposers

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are detritivores that break down organic matter into simpler compounds.

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Specialist

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consumer that primarily eats one specific organism or feeds on a very small number of organisms.

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Generalists

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consumers that have a varying diet.

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Trophic levels

Back 26

levels of nourishment in a food chain.

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Food web

Back 27

model that shows the complex network of feeding relationships and the flow of energy within and sometimesbeyond an ecosystem

Front 28

Hydrologic cycle

Back 28

circular pathway of water on Earth from the atmosphere, to the surface, below ground, and back.

Front 29

What is a hydrologic cycle also known as?

Back 29

water cycle

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Biogeochemical cycle

Back 30

movement of a particular chemical through the biological and geological, orliving and nonliving, parts of an ecosystem

Front 31

Nitrogen fixation

Back 31

Certain types of bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia (NH3) through a process called nitrogen fixation.

Front 32

Biomass

Back 32

measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area

Front 33

Energy pyramid

Back 33

diagram that compares energy used by producers, primary consumers, and other trophic levels.