Biology Test #4 Chapter 24

Front 1

The _____ system fights infection and cancer.

Back 1

immune

Front 2

3 parts of the immune system

Back 2

1. innate immunity
2. acquired immunity
3. the lymphatic system

Front 3

response is the same whether or not pathogen has been previously encountered

Back 3

innate immunity

Front 4

two types of innate immunity and examples of each

Back 4

external barriers- skin/exoskeleton, secretions, mucous membranes
internal defense- phagocytic cells, nk cells, defensive proteins, inflammatory response

Front 5

found only in vertebrates; previous exposure to pathogen enhances immune response

Back 5

acquired immunity

Front 6

ability to react to antigens

Back 6

immunity

Front 7

foreign proteins

Back 7

antigens

Front 8

your proteins that bind to specific antigens, so that when your body encounters a foreign protein, several parts of your immune system are geared up to attack foreign proteins

Back 8

antibodies

Front 9

Skin is always there, its not meant to keep out certain external pathogens, it's there to keep out _____ external pathogens

Back 9

ALL

Front 10

The two main barriers in your innate system: external are very energetically and expensive to maintain - first line of defense always. Anytime they're broken or scratched in some way your body has to repair them, get worn away all of the time

Back 10

note

Front 11

first line of defense against pathogens

Back 11

external barriers (innate system)

Front 12

one that helps break apart any cells that land on your skin

Back 12

lysosome secretion

Front 13

internal defenses - where tese immune based cells are created/built

Back 13

red bone marrow

Front 14

The red bone marrow produces all the types of _____ blood cells and several types of _____.

Back 14

red, lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Front 15

two types of lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Back 15

B cells, T cells

Front 16

Internal defenses happen in the bone marrow of you _____.

Back 16

long bones (arms, legs, skull, pelvis)

Front 17

Inflammatory response is still non-specific _____.

Back 17

innate response

Front 18

Inflammatory response is there _____ and isn't specific to an particular _____.

Back 18

all the time, pathogen

Front 19

Inflammatory response doesn't necessarily mean that you need an _____ or need to go to the _____ because most likely your inflammatory response can handle it.

Back 19

antibiotic, doctor

Front 20

examples of inflammatory response

Back 20

reddening in the area of inflammation (break in the skin), any threat to a mucous membrane or skin cell, an increase in temperature, swelling, pain

Front 21

three cell types that inflammatory response involves:

Back 21

mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages

Front 22

What is the purpose of mast cells involved in inflammatory response?

Back 22

release histamine (protein)

Front 23

Macrophages which are involved in inflammatory response are also known as _____.

Back 23

phagocytic cells

Front 24

big white blood cells that engulf or surround invading foreign cells that are trying to attack your body

Back 24

phagocytic cells, macrophages

Front 25

When you develop an inflammatory response, there is normally _____, then the release of chemical signals such as histamine. Next _____ has started. _____ and leakiness of local blood vessels (white blood cells) attracts _____ to the area. _____ (macrophages and neutrophils) consume _____ and _____, then the tissue heals.

Back 25

tissue injury, inflammation, dilation, phagocytes, phagocytes, bacteria, cell debris

Front 26

partner to inflammatory response

Back 26

lymph nodes

Front 27

filter lymphatic fluid to remove antigens and pathogens

Back 27

lymph nodes

Front 28

The _____ system tries to keep lymph nodes and filter them through your body.

Back 28

lymphatic

Front 29

What does the removal in the lymphatic system?

Back 29

phagocytic macrophages

Front 30

non-specific lymphocytes that kill virus-infected and cancerous cells

Back 30

natural killer cells

Front 31

natural killer cells kill cells lacking _____, also know as identity proteins that identify them as "self"

Back 31

surface proteins

Front 32

programmed cell death, promoted by natural killer cells

Back 32

apoptis

Front 33

When nonspecific defenses fail, _____ defenses are important

Back 33

acquired

Front 34

Acquired defenses develop after _____.

Back 34

exposure

Front 35

Cells that provide a memory of the infection (of the pathogen that you encountered as a child, these lymphocytes can live for decades)

Back 35

note

Front 36

What type of immunity introduces inactivated toxins or microbes?

Back 36

active

Front 37

Example of active immunity

Back 37

vaccines

Front 38

When vaccines are used the immune system prepares a defense against it which can be launched later against the real _____.

Back 38

pathogen

Front 39

Successes in active immunity

Back 39

eradicating diseases like polio, mumps, measles, diphtheria

Front 40

What type of immunity introduces already prepared antibodies (proteins)?

Back 40

passive

Front 41

In active immunity, it consists of _____ that are fighting against these specific pathogens.

Back 41

cells

Front 42

Examples of passive immunity

Back 42

transfer of antibodies from mother to child during breast-feeding

Front 43

Passive immunity is _____.

Back 43

temporary

Front 44

What type of defense produces antibodies against an antigen?

Back 44

Humoral defense (B Cells)

Front 45

proteins that form antibody-antigen complexes

Back 45

antibodies

Front 46

What types of cells are produced in the thymus gland, cause apoptosis in pathogenic cells, some stimulate B cells to make antibodies

Back 46

cell-mediated (t cells)