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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What shape do sugar structures have? |
Hexagonal |
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Which is below the double O bond in an amino acid? |
OH |
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How many fatty acids can be condensed with glycerol? |
3 |
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What are carbs used for in animal cells? |
Energy storage |
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What is molecular biology? |
The study of biology at a molecular level that explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved. |
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What is Metabolism? |
The web of all enzyme-catalyzed reactions that take place in a cell or organism. |
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What is Anabolism? |
The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules, including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. |
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Example of anabolism |
Glucose + lactose = lactose + water |
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What is Catabolism? |
The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules, including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. |
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Example of Catabolism |
Lactose + H20 = glucose + galactose |
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What is the importance of the artificial synthesis of urea? |
Disproves vitalism. Shows we can synthesize organic compounds outside the body. Can be used as a nitrogen fertilizer. |
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Carbs for energy storage? |
Storage in plant tissues. Humans can digest easier. Is used quicker, better for short term energy storage. |
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Lipids for energy storage? |
Better for long term energy storage. Produces metabolic water. Releases 2x as much energy per gram. Adds less mass to the organism. Can be found in animals. |
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Role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between monosaccharides and disaccharides, w example. |
Condensation synthesizes a polymer. Hydrolysis breaks it down. Monosaccharide + H20 = glucose |
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Difference between alpha and beta structure? |
A= H then OH, B= OH then H |
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Structure and function of Cellulose |
Energy storage in plants. In the cell wall. B glucose. Structural carbohydrate. Long straight chain of microfibrils. |
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Structure and function of Amylose |
Unbranched. In the chloroplast. Energy storage in plants. A glucose. Spiral structure. |
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Structure and function of Amylopectin |
Energy storage in plant cells. Branched. A glucose. In the chloroplast. |
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Structure and function of Glycogen |
More branched than amylopectin. Chain of A glucose. Energy storage in animal cells. In the mitochondria. Curved structure. |
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Cis unsaturated fatty acids |
H atoms on same side of double bond. Bent structure. Lower melting point, dont pack as tightly. Liquid at room temperature. |
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Trans unsaturated fatty acids |
H atoms on opposite sides. Straight structure. Packed closer together, higher melting point. Solid at room temperature. |
