Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Digestive System |
Ingests food, breaks food down into small molecules that can cross plasma membranes, absorbs nutrient molecules, and eliminates undigestible remains. |
|
|
Incomplete Digestive Tract |
Has a single opening. |
|
|
Complete Digestive Tract |
Has two openings. |
|
|
Herbivore |
Strictly plants- vegetarians Incisors for clipping Premolars and molars for grinding |
|
|
Carnivore |
Strictly meat Pointed incisors and enlarged canines Shear off pieces small enough to swallow |
|
|
Omnivore |
Eats both plant and animal tissues. A variety of specializations to accommodate both vegetarian and meat. |
|
|
Main Organs of Digestion |
Mouth, oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal |
|
|
Accessory Organs of Digestion |
Salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix. |
|
|
Pancreas |
Lies deep in the abdominal cavity Endocrine function- makes hormones |
|
|
Functions of the Liver |
Detoxification of the blood Storage of iron and some vitamins Production of plasma proteins Storage of glucose as glycogen Production of urea Removal of bilirubin Regulation of blood cholesterol levels |
|
|
Carbohydrates |
Present in foods in the form of sugars, starch, and fiber After being absorbed in the digestive tract, all sugars are converted to glucose Plants store glucose as starch Animals store glucose as glycogen |
|
|
Fiber |
Includes various undigestible carbohydrates derived from plants Food sources rich in fiber include beans, peas, nuts, fruits, and vegetables |
|
|
Lipids |
Fats and oils Long term energy and structural functions Cholesterol can be synthesized by the body and is found in animal foods |
|
|
Proteins |
Adequate formation requires 20 different types of amino acids 9 essential amino acids are required in the diet |
|
|
Vitamins |
Organic compounds the body is unable to produce, but are required for metabolic processes |
|
|
Minerals |
The body needs about 20 elements for various physiological functions. |
