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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virus |
A very small infectious particle consisting of only nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat and, in some cases, a membranous envelope |
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Virus |
Genetic code without the metabolism or machinery of a living organism |
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Capsid |
The protein shell that encloses the viral genome |
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Capsomeres |
Protein subunits that build capsids |
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Viral envelopes |
Derived from hosts cell membranes contain a combo of viral and host cell molecules that surround the capsids of many viruses found in animals-helps them infect their host |
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Obligate intracellular parasites |
They can only replicate within a host cell-ex: viruses |
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Host range |
A limited number of host cells that it can infect |
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Bacteriophages |
Viruses that infect bacteria-most well known viruses |
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Lytic cycle |
Phage replicative cycle that kills the host cell. It produces new phages and lyses (breaks open) the hosts cell wall, releasing the progeny viruses |
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Virulent phage |
A phage that reproduces only by the lytic cycle |
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Restriction enzymes used by bacteria |
Bacteria have defense against phages like restriction enzymes that recognize and cut up certain phage DNA |
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The lysogenic cycle |
Replicates the phage genome without destroying the host. Viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell's chromosome. Every time the host divides, it copies the phage DNA & passes copies to daughter cells |
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Prophage |
When viral DNA is added to the hosts chromosomes |
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Retrovirus uses reverse transcriptase |
To copy their RNA genome into DNA |
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Provirus |
When viral DNA is integrated into the host genome. Unlike a Prophage the provirus remains a permanent resident of the host cell |
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Vaccines |
Harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen- can prevent certain viral illnesses |
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Prions |
Slow acting, virtually indestructible infectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals- acquired in food & propagate by converting proteins into non functional prion versions |
