Biology Quiz 2

Front 1

16 Essential Minerals for plants

Back 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Boron, Nickel, Chlorine, Copper, Zinc, Molybdenum

Front 2

9 Essential MacroNutrients

Back 2

C,H,O (from photosynthesis), Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), Phosphorous (P), sulfur (S)

Front 3

NPK

Back 3

Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium. Major components in most fertilizer.

Front 4

Soil

Back 4

Mineral particles from rock weathering. 3 main particles

Front 5

Sand

Back 5

Largest particle .05mm-2mm

Front 6

Silt

Back 6

Medium Particle .002mm-.05mm

Front 7

Clay

Back 7

Smallest particle. Less than .002mm

Front 8

Loam

Back 8

"Best" soil. Equal mix of all 3 particles

Front 9

Soil layers (top down)

Back 9

O Horizon, A Horizon, B Horizon, C Horizon, Bedrock.

Front 10

Leaching

Back 10

Downward movement of water through soil, carrying minerals and nutrients

Front 11

Erosion

Back 11

The loss of soil (topsoil) under the direct force of water or wind.

Front 12

Transpiration

Back 12

The evaporation of water molecules from leaves and other plant parts. Takes place in xylem vessels of all vascular plants. Water and dissolved nutrients absorbed thru root hairs on roots and enter xylem vessels. Evaporation "pull" keeps water moving up thru plant; Water vapor loss (evaporation) from the leaves. 90% of water entering the plant leaves thru stomata. 5% leaves thru cuticle.

Front 13

Cohesion Tension Theory of water movement

Back 13

Evaporation from stomata provides the "pull" from the roots to the leaves.

Front 14

Adhesion

Back 14

Water molecules adhere to xylem material

Front 15

Turgor Pressure

Back 15

Internal fluid pressure that builds up against cell wall.

Front 16

Abscissic acid

Back 16

Plant hormone that may induce closure of stomata if leaves undergo water stress

Front 17

3 factors that indirectly effect transpiration

Back 17

Air currents, humidity, temperature

Front 18

Translocation

Back 18

Transport of food substances (organic compounds, sugars) in phloem throughout the plant. Driven by high pressure

Front 19

Pressure flow hypothesis

Back 19

Food flows from source (production or storage tissue) to a sink (growing tips of stem, root, fruit)

Front 20

Sugar solute source

Back 20

Photosynthetic cells found throughout plant stems and leaves where photosynthesis occurs. Storage tissue such as a root.

Front 21

Sugar solute sink

Back 21

Growing cells in: young root, fruits, meristematic regions.

Front 22

Sporophyte

Back 22

Reproductive structure. Diploid plant body that grows by mitotic cell division.

Front 23

Gametophyte

Back 23

Reproductive structure. Haploid body that produces gametes of either sperm or egg.

Front 24

Nonfertile flower parts

Back 24

Sepals (calyx), Petals (corolla): pigments, oils that attract pollinators and, Receptacle: support, may swell after fertilization.

Front 25

Fertile flower parts

Back 25

Stamens (male): anther and filament

Carpels or pistil (female): stigma, style, ovary

Front 26

Pollination

Back 26

Transfer of pollen grains to a receptive stigma. Pollen grains land on stigma and germinates a pollen tube which carries sperm nuclei to ovule

Front 27

Ovule

Back 27

Houses the female gametophyte/egg. Becomes seed

Front 28

Fertilization

Back 28

The union of sperm and egg in ovary. Forms zigote

Front 29

Types of pollination

Back 29

Wind, insects & birds & mammals, water

Front 30

Exine

Back 30

Outer covering of pollen

Front 31

Ovule becomes...

Back 31

Seed

Front 32

Ovary becomes...

Back 32

Fruit

Front 33

Fruit development

Back 33

When seeds form and other floral parts begin to change

Front 34

Simple fruit

Back 34

One ovary one flower

Front 35

Aggregate

Back 35

Many ovaries of one flower all clustered to the same receptacle. E.g raspberry, strawberry

Front 36

Multiple type fruit

Back 36

Combined ovaries of many flowers. E.g pineapple

Front 37

Accessory Fruits

Back 37

Tissue not derived from ovary. E.g apple, pear, watermelon

Front 38

Types of seed and fruit dispersal

Back 38

Wind, explosive, "hitch-hikers", water, digestive tracts of animals

Front 39

Asexual reproduction

Back 39

Vegetative growth. Often called clones, genetically identical to parent plant. Vegetative reproduction on modified stems. New roots and shoots grow from extensions/ fragments of parent.

Front 40

Tropisms

Back 40

Response to environmental stimuli by adjusting direction of growth

Front 41

Phototropism

Back 41

Response to light (shoots grow towards light)

Front 42

Gravitropism

Back 42

Response to gravity (roots grow down)

Front 43

Thigmotropism

Back 43

Response to contact

Front 44

Mechanical stress

Back 44

Response to mechanical stress

Front 45

Rhizome

Back 45

Horizontal stem that grows below ground. Has adventitious roots

Front 46

Stolon

Back 46

"runner". Same as Rhizome but above ground.