Biology Photosynthesis And Respiration

Front 1

What is the Major Function of Cellular Respiration?

Back 1

Make ATP

Front 2

Aerobic Respiration Formula

Back 2

C6H12O6 + O2 = CO2 + O2 + E (36 ATP)

Front 3

Anaerobic Respiration Formula

Back 3

C6H12O6 = CO2 + O2 + E (2 ATP) Lactic Acid

Front 4

Steps of Cellular Respiration

Back 4

a. Glycolysis (occurs in cytoplasm) - glucose broken into 2 3 carbon pyruvate (pyruvate acid) molecules. 4 ATP are made but 2 are used - net result is 2 ATP.

b. Krebs Cycle - Pyruvate is turned into acetyl co A and the end result is 2 ATP - this occurs in the mitochondria.

c. Electron Transport - Occurs in Mitochondria and produces 32 ATP.

Front 5

ATP Cycle

Back 5

ADP + P + Energy = ATP

Front 6

Photosynthesis Equation

Back 6

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 7

Respiration Equation

Back 7

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Front 8

Oxidation vs. Reduction

Back 8

Oxidation loses an electron, reduction gains an electron.

Front 9

What occurs during Fermentation

Back 9

Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, and/or alcohol. It occurs inyeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.

Front 10

Plants vs Animals in Fermentation

Back 10

plant cells - ethanol and carbon dioxide
animal cells - lactic acid

Front 11

Two Types of Fermentation and Their Differences

Back 11

There are two types of fermentation ususally studied in Biology:
Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation. Both types have the same reactants: Pyruvic acid and NADH, both of which are products of glycolysis.

In alcoholic fermentation, the major products are alcohol and carbon dioxide. In lactic acid fermentation, the major product is lactic acid.

For both types of fermentation, there is a side product: NAD+ which is recycled back to glycolysis so that small amounts of ATP can continue to be produced in the absence of oxygen.

Front 12

What Occurs During the Light and Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis?

Back 12

Light - H20 is split, chlorophyll energized, only occurs in the light, ATP and NADPH produced

Dark - NADPH used, PGAL formed, C6H12O6 could be formed, in both light and dark

Front 13

Light Reaction and Dark Reaction Definitions

Back 13

Dark - Any of the chemical reactions that take place during the second stage of photosynthesis and do not require light. During the dark reactions, energy released from ATP (created by the light reactions) drives the fixation of carbon from carbon dioxide in organic molecules.

Light - During the light reactions, energy captured from light by chlorophyll and its accessory pigments drives the production of ATP, the source of energy that is later used to drive the production of carbohydrates. Compare dark reaction. See more at photosynthesis.