Biology 111 Exam 1 Cell Structures

Front 1

Nucleus

Back 1

the largest and most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells;
has two primary functions:
1) Directs most cellular activities by controlling which molecules are produced and in what quantity they are produced
2) Storehouse for hereditary information via linear strands of DNA "Chromatin"

Front 2

Plasma Membrane

Back 2

phospholipid bylayer that performs several critical functions:
1) take in food and nutrients
2) dispose of waste products
3) build and export molecules
4) regulate heat exchange
5) regulate flow of materials into and out of cell

Front 3

Ribosomes

Back 3

built in the nucleus but pass through the nuclear pours and into the cytoplasm before starting their work. Like little factories that copy bits of the information stored in the DNA and use them to construct proteins.

Front 4

Mitochondria

Back 4

coverts the energy contained within the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in food into CO2, H20, and ATP.

Front 5

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 5

called "rough" because surface is studded with ribosomes. Primary function is to fold and package proteins that will be shipped elsewhere in the organism.

Front 6

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 6

In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, lipids are synthesized and alcohol, antibiotics, and other drugs are detoxified; found in the liver, helps keep dangerous molecules out; "smooth" due to lack of ribosomes

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

Jelly-like fluid that fills the inside of the cell

Front 8

Cytoskeleton

Back 8

inner scaffolding of the cell, which is made from proteins, has 3 chief purposes:
1)It gives animal cells shape and support
2)controls the intracellular traffic flow, serving as a series of tracks on which a variety of organelles and molecules are guided across and around the inside of the cell.
3)Because the elaborate scaffolding of the cytoskeleton is dynamic and can generate force, it gives all cells some ability to control their movement.

Front 9

Golgi Apparatus

Back 9

processing of molecules synthesized in the cell and packaging of those molecules destined for use elsewhere in the body

Front 10

Lysosome

Back 10

round, membrane-enclosed, acid-filled vesicles that function as garbage disposals.

Front 11

Centriole

Back 11

(Animal only) One of two cylindrical cellular structures composed of nine triplet microtubules and forming the mitotic astrospheres.

Front 12

Chloroplast

Back 12

(Plant only) The site of photosynthesis; conversion of light energy into the chemical energy of food molecules, with oxygen as a by-product.

Front 13

Cell wall

Back 13

(Plant only)

Front 14

Vacuole

Back 14

(Plant only) multi-purpose storage; fluid filled sac surrounded by a membrane; occupies 50-90% of a plant cell's interior space