Biology Organisms Test

Front 1

A multi-cellular organism is

Back 1

Amulti-cellular organism is like a human, complex and highly structured.

Front 2

The important structural and functionalmolecules of organisms are

Back 2

Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids

Front 3

Groups of cells collect together to form?

Back 3

Groupsof cells aggregate together to form tissues

Front 4

Two or more tissues form an

Back 4

Twoor more tissues form an organ

Front 5

Groups of organs can work together to

Back 5

Groupsof organs can work together to perform important functions for the organism andare called an ‘organ system’ or just a ‘system’

Front 6

A white blood cell is involved

Back 6

Awhite blood cell is involved in body defence

Front 7

A nerve cell

Back 7

Anerve cell transmits information

Front 8

A muscle cell is

Back 8

A muscle cell is able to contract and cause movement

Front 9

In humans there are four fundamental types of tissue

Back 9

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Front 10

Epithelial tissue

Back 10

Tightlypacked cells that form layers to protect inside and outside surfaces e.g. lungs and intestine

Front 11

Connective tissue

Back 11

Supportor bind other cells and tissues together e.g. cartilage, bone and blood

Front 12

Muscle tissue

Back 12

Tissues are able to contract which contain extensive cyto-skeleton

Front 13

Nervous tissue

Back 13

Detectstimuli and transmit electrical messages

Front 14

Organs are

Back 14

Organs are the main structural and functional units of organisms.

Front 15

Name the organ systems

Back 15

1. Cardio-vascular
2. Digestive
3. Respiratory
4. Excretory
5. Reproductive
6. Immune
7. Nervous system
8. Hormonal system

Front 16

Cardiovascular systems major organs and Major Functions

Back 16

Major organs: Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
Major Functions: To pump blood through vessels and throughout the body tissues

Front 17

Digestive systems major organs and major functions

Back 17

Major organs: Mouth, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver
Major functions: To digest food and absorb the soluble products into the blood

Front 18

Respiratory systems major organs and major functions

Back 18

Major organs: Tranchea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, diaphragm
Major functions: To allow gases in the air to diffuse into and out of the blood

Front 19

Excretory systems major organs and major functions

Back 19

Major organs: Kidney, bladder, skin
Major functions: To remove poisonous wastes and regulate the level of other substances

Front 20

Reproductive systems major organs and major functions

Back 20

Major organs: Testes, ovaries, uterus
Major functions: To produce gametes and allow pregnancy and birth of young to occur

Front 21

Immune systems major organs and major functions

Back 21

Major organs: Lympgh glands, spleen, bone marrow
Major functions: To defend the body from foreign particles and organisms

Front 22

Nervous systems major organs and major functions

Back 22

Major organs: Brain, spinal cord
Major functions: To detect stimuli from inside and outside the body and respond to them

Front 23

Hormonal systems major organs and major functions

Back 23

Major organs: Glands, blood vessels
Major functions: To produce hormones from glands and secrete them into the blood

Front 24

Nerves transmit

Back 24

Nervestransmit information we receive from the environment to our brain. This occursvia nerve cells (or neurons) and then back to our muscles for action or aresponse.

Front 25

Nerve impulses are able to be

Back 25

Nerve impulses are able to be transmitted along the cells due to differences in electrical charge on the inside and outside of the cell membrane.

Front 26

Nerve cells are able to

Back 26

Nerve cells are able to transmit small electrical currents ata a speed of several metres per second

Front 27

Nervous communication is involved in

Back 27

1. A simple reflex arc, e.g. removing your hand after touching a hot plate
2. Making sense of your teacher in biology lessons, transmitting sound waves from the auditory nerve to your brain and light waves from your retina to your brain
3. Changing your breathing rate in esponse to an increase in exercise as the brain sends messages to your diaphragm and chest musles

Front 28

A hormone is a

Back 28

A hormone is a chemical, released from glands known as endocrine glands, that travels in the bloodstream to bring about an effect or response in abother tissue or organ

Front 29

Hormones bring about their effects by

Back 29

Hormones bring about their effects by binding to receptor protein molecules in the cell membrane. The target organ, after binding with the hormone, may respond by triggering the activity f enzymes or expressing appropriate genes.

Front 30

The pituitary gland is known as the

Back 30

The pituitary gland is known as the 'master' endocrine gland because it secretes a large number of hormones.

Front 31

Hormonal communication is involved in

Back 31

1. The development of secondary sexual characteristics (i.e. oestrogen and progesterone in females, testosterone in males)
2. The regulations of internal blood temperature as a result of the production of the hormones thyroxine and adrenalin
3. Controlling blood sugar levels by the production of two hormones glucagon and insulin which have opposite effects

Front 32

Define stimulus

Back 32

The change in temperature in the blood and tissue fluids detected by the body

Front 33

Define receptor

Back 33

Specialised cells in the brain (Hypothalamus) are able to detect changes in the temperature

Front 34

Define Transmission

Back 34

Nervous and hormonal responses that communicate temperature changes to the effectors

Front 35

Define effectors

Back 35

Muscles and glands that respond to bring about a correction of temperature

Front 36

Define response

Back 36

Usually opposite to the original stimulus e.g. if the temperature of the blood had risen, the response would be a fall in blood temperature. This is an example of negative feedback where the response is the opposite to the stimulus and has the effect of reducing it

Front 37

The responses to an increase in blood temperature could include

Back 37

Dialation of arterioles, increased sweating and lowering of metabolic activity

Front 38

The responses to a decrease in blood temperature could include

Back 38

Constriction of the arterioles, shivering, increased metabolic activity, erection of hairs and goose bumps

Front 39

Cells in a tissue have

Back 39

Similar structures and similar functions

Front 40

Smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells have

Back 40

Identical genes and different functions

Front 41

In the regulation of the human body

Back 41

Some processes are controlled by both nerves and hormones

Front 42

Capillaries function

Back 42

Capillaries are the smallest of the body's blood vessels. They are only one cell thick, and they are the sites of the transfer of oxygen and other nutrients from the bloodstream to other tissues in the body; they also collect carbon dioxide waste materials and fluids for return to the veins.

Front 43

Thyroxine is intolerant to

Back 43

heat

Front 44

Define glomerulus

Back 44

a cluster of nerve endings, spores, or small blood vessels, especially a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule.

Front 45

Define alveolus

Back 45

An alveolus (plural: alveoli) is a word used in anatomy for hollow cavities, which are empty areas within a body. Although there are many different types of alveoli in the body, the word alveoli is usually used to talk about small air sacs in the lungs of mammals. These are also called pulmonary alveoli.