Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Organisational Hierachy |
Organelles-cells-tissues-organs-organ systems |
Organelles... |
|
Define a cell |
Basic structural and functional unit of a living organism. |
Structural. functional. alive |
|
Define a tissue |
Group of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function. |
Cells.. work together .. function |
|
Define organ |
Structure made up of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions. |
Structure.. tissues.. together |
|
Organism |
Living entity e.g. animals plants microorganisms |
Alive |
|
Digestive system |
An example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food |
Organs work together |
|
Describe enzymes |
Large proteins and all proteins are made up of chains if amino acids. |
Proteins .. amino acids |
|
Explain enzymes |
Living things produce enzymes that act as biological catalyst. They reduce the need for high temperatures and we only have enzymes to speed up useful chemical reactions in the body. |
Biological catalyst.. chemical reactions |
|
Define a catalyst |
A substance which INCREASES the speed of a reaction without being CHANGED or USED UP in the reaction. |
Not used up.. speed up |
|
The substrate bonds... |
With active site to make the enzyme substrate complex. The chemicals react to make the product which is then released. |
Enzyme |
|
If the shape of the enzyme changes... |
It's active site may no longer work. It has been denatured. Either from high temperatures or extremes of pH. |
Denatured |
|
Define denatured |
It's tertiary structure is caused to unfold possible by heat alkali acid making the molecule loose it's original state and become biologically inactive. |
Structure unfolds.. |
|
Amylase: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine. Starch ~> sugars |
|
|
Protease: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Stomach, pancreas, small intestine Proteins ~> amino acids |
|
|
Lipase: produced where and reaction catalysed |
Pancreas, small intestine Lipids ~> fatty acids + glycerol |
|
|
What do digestive enzymes do? |
Convert food into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood stream. |
Convert food into ... |
|
Products of digestion are used to... |
Build new carbohydrates, Lipids And proteins. Some glucose is used in respiration. |
|
|
Describe and explain bile |
Bile is an alkaline substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is secreted into the small intestine where it emulsifies fat providing a larger surface area so lipases can work. |
Alkaline.. liver... gallbladder.. small intestine... fat |
|
Stomata |
Allow carbon dioxide to diffuse into the leaf |
|
|
Guard cells |
To open and close the stomata depending on the conditions |
|
|
Transpiration |
Evaporation and movement of water vapour out of the stomata and away from the leaf |
|
|
Factors that affect the rate of transpiration |
Light Temperature Wind Humidity |
|
|
Xylem |
Movement of water through a plant from it's roots to it's leaves |
|
|
Root hair cells |
Are adapted for osmosis by having a large surface area to speed it up |
|
|
Osmosis |
Osmosis is the movement of water from a high water concentration to a low water concentration through a partially permeable membrane. |
|
|
Diffusion |
The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration |
|
|
Double circulatory system |
Where blood is pumped to the lungs then returned to the heart before being pumped around the body |
|
|
Major blood vessels |
Arteries Veins Capillaries |
|
|
Coronary heart disease |
Arteries blocked by fatty deposits Reduces blood flow Decreases oxygen supply to heart |
|
|
Epidermal tissue |
Covers the leaf Thin and transparent Allow light to reach palisade cells |
|
|
Palisade mesophyll |
Tall and closely packed to absorb maximum light Contain chloroplasts Most photosynthesis takes place here
|
|
|
Alveoli |
Gives lungs large surface area Thin moist walls Capillaries |
|
|
Heart |
Pumps blood |
|
|
Blood has 4 key components |
Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets |
|
|
Pacemakers |
Sends electrical signals so it contracts at the right time |
|
|
Risk factors for illness |
Bad diet Smoking Stress Uv exposure Genetics |
|
|
Leafs adaptations |
Large surface area - light Thin - easy diffusion Chlorophyll - light Veins - support leaf transport water |
|
|
Phloem |
Translocation. Movement of food substances from the stem to growing tissues and storage tissues |
|