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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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categories energy perceived of
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light, pressure, heat
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Nodes of Ranvier
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gaps in meyelin sheath that allow neuron to fire much faster because it jumps the gaps
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M.S
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auto immune system destroys myelin sheath
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Leprosy
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95% people immune; makes way to myelin sheath in cool areas and kills nerve cells; kills myelin sheath; lose sensory perception in skin
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sensory neurons
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dendrites designed to perceive some sort of stimulus
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motor neurons
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going to move either muscles or glands
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interneurons
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neuron to neuron connection
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efffector cells
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something moves by nervous sytem (muscles and glands)
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Reflex arcs
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includes sensory neuron and motor neuron (knee tap, lift leg) may include interneurons
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branches all nervous systems divide into
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Central and Peripheral
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Central N.S
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brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral N.S
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all other nerves
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ganglia
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clusters of nerve cells in peripheral (act as interneurons)
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glia cells
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support cells in nervous system; present at about 50 glia cells for every neuron; form impenetrable barrier called BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER
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blood brain barrier
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prevents direct contact between capillaries and brain. In order for neurons in brain to function properly, can't have things in blood.
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neurotransmitters
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job is to be released from vesicles in presynaptic membrane and initiate action potential in post synaptic membrane of next neuron.
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Aceytlcholine
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at neuromuscular junction, act as excitatory, making muscle contract, present in brain
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Dopamine
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excitatory-turn thoughts into action; hits pleasure center; what crack does: keeps dopamine firing to pleasure center of brain
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Serotonin
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inhibitory-pleasurable, dreamy mellow; low levels may make you a sociopath; inhibited by LSD
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GABA
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inhibitory-inhibited by LSD-skitzophrenia mimics LSD
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Substance P
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neurotransmitter in pain circuits-excitatory-pain killers block release of it.
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shunt
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detour
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endorphins
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not technically neurotransmitter-neuromodulator-natural pain killers, both physically and mentally
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Cniderians N.S
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nerve net; all nerves connected acting as one unit; no brain
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Platyhelmenthes N.S
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modified nerve net; cephalazation and brain
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Arthropods
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brain and solid, ventral nerve cord
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Chordata
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brain, hollow, dorsal nerve cord
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Two parts of Peripheral N.S
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somatic and autonomic
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somatic
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anything you can work voluntarily
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autonomic
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anything you can't control voluntarily
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two parts of autonomic
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sympathetic and parasympathetic
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sympathetic
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dialates pupils; fight or flight response, increased heart rate, shunt blood from digestion; shuts off saliva secretion; subdues reproduction except sex
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parasympathetic
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does everything opposite of sympathetic; sense of relief
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first thing that forms on embryo
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spinal cord on dorsal side, anterior end
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three main parts to brain
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hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
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three parts to hindbrain
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medulla; pons; cerebellum
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medulla
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relay station; reflexive; circulatory system control
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pons
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almost entirely relay station
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Cerebellum
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muscular coordination; involuntary; learn muscle memory
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Midbrain function
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relay for birds and mammals; has reticular activating system
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Reticular activating system
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gets rid of irrelevant information; controls part of brain that puts you to sleep when there's no relevant information; arousal
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2 parts to Forebrain
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thalamus; hypothalamus
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Thalamus
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main trackway for reticular activating system for relaying information to proper part of brain
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Hypothalamus
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homeostasis of almost everything; base emotion (rage and pleasure); dictate sleep cycle; idea of sex send to cerebrum; water content of blood send to cerebrum; control body temp; low blood sugar read by it and sent to cerebrum, giving hunger sensation; produce GnRH and ADH
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diurnal
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active during the day, sleepy at night
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Wernick's area
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ability to understand language
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corpus callosum
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brain is divided into two hemipsheres and is connected by this.
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right hemisphere
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controls left side; music ability, pattern recognition; emotional processing, spatial relationships
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left hemisphere
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motor controls right side of body; logical thinking, ability to sequence things; speech, math ability
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Cerebrum
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development of forebrain; vast majority of brain; outside layer-cerebral cortex; mammals have six sheets of layers on cortex called neo cortex
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four lobes
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occipital; temporal; parital; frontal
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occipital lobe
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interpret vision; back of head
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temporal
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interpret hearing; Wernick's area is here
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parital
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somatosensory; reading; taste
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frontal
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motor cortex; face movements and hand movements take up big part of frontal lobe; decision making; most affected by alcohol
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Limbic System; goes directly through...
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system of nerve tracks; goes through all structures associated with learning; goes directly through temporal lobe
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Parts to limbic system
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hippocampus, amygala, prefrontal lobe, hypothalamus and thalamus
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Hippocampus
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anything you're going to learn goes through this
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Amygala
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emotional baggage to memory
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Prefrontal lobe
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decision making; appropriate behavior
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Hypothalamus and thalamus
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hypothalamus reads low glucose levels and emotions come with eating
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Short term memory
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you can hold about 7 items in your brain for about 7 seconds
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Long term memory
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becomes permanent; seems to have no limit; continue to review stm memory until it goes to ltm.
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