Biology Midterm From Prentice Hall Biology

Front 1

The six kingdoms are

Back 1

-Archaebacteria
-Eubacteria
-Protista
-Fungi
-Plantae
-Animalia

Front 2

Example of Archaebacteria

Back 2

-thermophile

Front 3

Example of Eubacteria

Back 3

-E.Coli

Front 4

Example of Protista

Back 4

-Amoeba

Front 5

Example of Fungi

Back 5

-Mushroom

Front 6

Example of Plantae

Back 6

-Plant

Front 7

Example of Animalia

Back 7

-Dog

Front 8

What are the levels of organization?

Back 8

-Cells
-Tissue
-Organ
-Organ System
-Organism
-Population
-Community
-Ecosystem
-Biosphere

Front 9

What are the five characteristics of life?

Back 9

-Highly organized
-Obtain and use energy
-Grow and develop
-Reproduce
-Respond to Environment

Front 10

-ase means
-ose means

Back 10

-ase means enzyme
-ose means sugar

Front 11

What elements must be found in organic compounds?

Back 11

Carbon and Hydrogen

Front 12

Covalent Bonding shares..

Back 12

Covalent bonding shares electrions to stablize atoms. STRONGEST!

Front 13

Ionic Bonds

Back 13

one atom is electron deficient while other has too many

Front 14

Hydrogen Bonding

Back 14

polar molecules are attracted to each other. WEAKEST!

Front 15

PH SCALE
-Ranges from..
-Acidic is..
-Basic is..
-Neutral is..

Back 15

-Ranges from 0 to 14
-Acidic is 0 tp 6
-Basic is 8 to 14
-Neutral is 7

Front 16

Simple Carbohydrates

Back 16

-small, simple sugars
-easiest to break down

Front 17

Complex Carbohydrates

Back 17

Longer term energy source

Front 18

What must you have in order to make a carbohydrate? Ratio?

Back 18

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Ratio of 1:2:1

Front 19

Plants store carbs in the form of..

Back 19

plant starch

Front 20

Animals store carbs in the muscle and liver the form of

Back 20

glycogen

Front 21

Monosaccaharide is a _____sugar.
Example:_____

Back 21

Monosaccaharide is a single sugar. Examples would be glucose and fructose.

Front 22

Disaccharide is a _____sugar.
Example:_____

Back 22

Disaccharide is a double sugar. Examples would be sucrose [gluctose and fructose].

Front 23

Polysaccahride is found in..

Back 23

the cell wall of plants
[cellulose]

Front 24

The building block of proteins is

Back 24

amino acids

Front 25

DNA and RNA Functions are

Back 25

DNA - control cell activities
RNA - makes proteins

Front 26

Saturated Lipids [Fats]

Back 26

-Solid at room temp
-From Animals

Front 27

Unsaturated Lipids [Fats]

Back 27

-Double bonds are liquid at room temp
-From plants

Front 28

Predation

Back 28

One benefits, other is dead
-Lion kills a giraffe

Front 29

Commensalism

Back 29

One benefits, other isn't affected
-small marine animals attaching themeselves to a whale's skin

Front 30

Mutualism

Back 30

both benefits
-Bees pollinating flowers

Front 31

Parasitism

Back 31

one organism benefits, other is affected
-fleas biting a dog

Front 32

Enzymes

Back 32

speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells

Front 33

Substrates

Back 33

Reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Front 34

Polar molecules

Back 34

the centers of positive and negative charge distribution don't converge
WATER IS A POLAR MOLECULE

Front 35

Atom number=

Back 35

Protons and Electrons

Front 36

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 36

Lipid components are assembled
[Eukaryote]

Front 37

Golgi Complex

Back 37

Process Proteins [Most eukaryotic]

Front 38

Nucleus

Back 38

control center [eukaryote]

Front 39

Nucleolus

Back 39

carry out the production and maturation of ribosome [most plants and animals]

Front 40

Ribosome

Back 40

makes proteins [eukaryote]

Front 41

Lysosomes

Back 41

digest waste [animal]

Front 42

Vacuoles

Back 42

stores food, water, and waste [all plants, some animals]

Front 43

Chloroplast

Back 43

Photosynthesis

Front 44

Mitochondria

Back 44

gives cell energy [eukaryote]

Front 45

Cilia

Back 45

used for movement [animals and some protista]
-EXAMPLE: PARAMECIUM

Front 46

Flagella

Back 46

Used for movement.
EXAMPLE: EUGLENA

Front 47

Cell membrane provides..
Regulates..

Back 47

-Provides protection and suopport.
-Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Front 48

Cell membrane is..

Back 48

a lipid bilayer

Front 49

Cell membrane has two definites parts. They are..

Back 49

Phosphate head [Polar, Hydrophilic] and lipid tail [non polar. hydrophobic]

Front 50

Three major proteins in the cell membrane are..

Back 50

-Channel protein:transport channels
-Marker protein: Act as recognition sites
-Receptor proteins: communication between cells

Front 51

Diffusion

Back 51

Particles moving from more concentrated to less
-NO ENERGY

Front 52

Osmosis

Back 52

diffusion [more to less] through selectively permeable membrane

Front 53

Isotonic

Back 53

equal
plant cells turn flaccid [limp]

Front 54

Hypertonic

Back 54

higher
plant cells plasmolyze [shrivel]. animal cells crenate [shrivel]

Front 55

Hypotonix

Back 55

lower
plant cells go turgid [firm] animal cells lyse [explode]

Front 56

Water Always Moves..

Back 56

LEFT

Front 57

Facilitated Transport/Diffusion

Back 57

Movement of specific molecules across cell membrane through protein channels
-NO ENERGY!

Front 58

Active Transport

Back 58

Cells move in opposite direction
-REQUIRES ENERGYYY

Front 59

Endocytosis

Back 59

take in materials using infoldings

Front 60

Exocytosis

Back 60

release material

Front 61

Purpose of cellular respiration

Back 61

produce energy rich ATP molecules

Front 62

Pyrimidines

Back 62

Cytosine and Thymine

Front 63

Purine

Back 63

Adenenine and Guanine

Front 64

Nucleotides have 3 parts. They are..

Back 64

-Deoxyribose molecule [sugar]
-Phosphate group
-Nitrogenous base [ATGC]

Front 65

Down syndrome

Back 65

Trisomy 21

Front 66

Klinefelter's syndrome

Back 66

MALE
extra sex chromosme XXY

Front 67

Turner's syndrome

Back 67

X chromosome is missing or incomplete

Front 68

Cell membrane components
-Fungi
-Bacteria
-Plants

Back 68

-Fungi:Chitin
-Bacteria:Peptidoglycan
-Plants:Cellulose

Front 69

Final acceptor in Cellular respiration

Back 69

OXYGEN