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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix
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DNA
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the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell
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mRNA
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What is a Nitrogen Base and what are the 4 main bases?
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A carbon ring structure that contains nitrogen. A-T G-C
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a small RNA molecule that "translates" a codon in mRNA by bringing in its corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis
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tRNA
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Phosphate group
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Form the backbone of a chain of DNA, along with deoxyribose molecules
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The sugar in RNA. DNA contains deoxyribose.
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Ribose
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Building block of DNA / RNA
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Nucleotide
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central component of the ribosome, the protein manufacturing machinery of all living cells
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rRNA
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Basic building blocks of protien molecules.
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Amino Acids
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Process in the cell nucleus where enzymes make an RNA copy of a DNA strand.
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Transcription
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Process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
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Translation
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Presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait.
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Multiple Alleles
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Cell with two of each kind of chromosome. (Body cell)
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Diploid
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Cell with one of each kind of chromosomse. (Sex cell)
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Haploid
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An Austrian monk that is known as the father of genetics. He explained principles of dominane. Used peas.
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Gregor Mendel
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Period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each containing a full set of chromosomes.
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Mitosis
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Type of cell division in which one body cell produces four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes.
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Meiosis
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Phenotypes of both homozygous parents are produced in heteroxygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed.
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Codominance
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Phenotype of heterozygote is intermediate between those of the 2 homozygotes; combine and display new trait.
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Incomplete dominance
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Cell structures that carry the genetic material.
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Chromosome
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Graphic representation of genetic inheritance.
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Pedigree
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Exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids from homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
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Crossing over
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Chart of metaphase chromosome pairs arranged according to length and location of centromere; used to pinpoint unusual chromosome numbers in cells.
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Karyotype
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Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function.
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Analogous structures
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Evolution in which distantly related organisms evolve similar traits; occurs when unrelated species occupy similar environments.
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Convergent Evolution
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Structures with common evolutionary origins; can be similar in arrangement, function, or both.
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Homologous Structures
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Alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism.
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Alleles
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The frequency of the alleles for a trait in a stable population will not vary.
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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
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