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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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operon
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group of genes operating together
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tRNA
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type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
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intron
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sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein
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codon
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three- nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria
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histone
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protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
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mutation
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change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information
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replication
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copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
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mRNA
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RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
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frameshift
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mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
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protein
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macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes
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rRNA
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type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
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transcription
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process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA
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nucleotides
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monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5- carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
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exon
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expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
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base- pairing
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principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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polyploidy
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condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
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lysine
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an essential amino acid that is a constituent of most proteins.
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DNA polymerase
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enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
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hox genes
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series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo
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