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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbon and the molecular diversity of life
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unique capacity for forming multiple bonds and chains at low energies makes life as we know it possible.
most of the compounds known to science are carbon compounds |
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Can Carbon atoms share electrons?
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Yes, notable being other carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms
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Hydrocarbons are...
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non-polar, hydrophobic compounds
Compounds that have no charges on them will not mix with polar water |
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Hydrophillic
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Water-loving
Compounds are polar, and so dissolve easily in the polar solvent of water |
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Saturated Hydrocarbons
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A simple chain of carbons with its full complement of hydrogens
known as alkanes |
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Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
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Hydrocarbons with double bonds in them
contain at least one double bond Alkenes |
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Phosphate groups
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this is an important group found in ATP
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Exergonic reactions
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Energy releasing processes, ones that "generate" energy
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Endergonic reactions
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Reactions that require energy to initiate the reaction
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Condensation Reaction
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Monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule, also known as dehydration synthesis.
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Hydrolysis
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to break with water. Bonds between monomers are broken by the addition of water molecules, a hydrogen from the water attaching to one monomer and a hydroxyl group attaching digestive tract
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Carbohydrates
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-general molecular formula CH20
-The simplest CHO are monosaccharides -Disaccharides are double sugars -Polysaccharides are made of many sugars |
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Monossacharides
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-Glucose is the most common monosaccharide and is vital to life
-Three common sugars share the same molecular formula: C6H12O6 (hexose since 6 carbons) - Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, Ribose |
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Most names for sugars end in...?
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"ose"
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Disaccharide
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consists of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic linkage, a covalent bond formed during dehydration reactions
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Starch
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Common Polysaccharide of plants
Consisting of glucose molecules |
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Glycogen
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Stored mainly in liver and muscle, hydrolysis of glycogen releases glucose
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Storage of starch in plants
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Plants store starch as granules within cellular structures called plastids inside the chloroplasts
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Cellulose is it helpful to humans?
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Not a nutrient for humans
But it remains as an important fiber. |
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Fat molecules are made up of four parts:
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a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
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Structure of fatty acid
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a long carbon chain, at one end is a carboxyl group. A long hydrocarbon tail is attached.
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid
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some of the carbons share double bonds, they're not bonded to as many hydrogens as they could if they weren't double.
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