Biology Lesson 11

Front 1

Like flowering plants, which gamete is bigger: the female or the male?

Back 1

female

Front 2

In advanced animals like mammals, how many sperm cells are produced by meiosis and how many eggs are produced by meiosis from a single germ cell?

Back 2

four sperm cells are produced and one egg is produced

Front 3

In a fertilized egg, is most of the cytoplasm derived from the egg or sperm?

Back 3

egg

Front 4

Is your mitochondrial genome maternally or paternally derived?

Back 4

maternal

Front 5

Name one mechanism that prevents polyspermy

Back 5

formation of thicker coat around egg

Front 6

During development of an animal, when are the cells the least specialized/differentiated?

Back 6

fertilization

Front 7

For aquatic and terrestrial animals, fertilization and early development occurs in what type of environment?

Back 7

aqueous

Front 8

List the following terms in order with respect to mammalian reproduction and development (gastrulation, fertilization, neurulation, embryogenesis/growth, cleavage, blastulation).

Back 8

fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, neurulation, embryogenesis, and blastulation

Front 9

On a walk in the woods with your significant other, you happen upon a pond and collect some water. You prepare a wet mount of the water and observe some eggs. You observe that there is a large amount of yolk in the egg. Is this animal most likely to directly develop or have a larval stage?

Back 9

it is likely they will directly develop

Front 10

Did this egg develop by holoblastic or meroblastic cleavage?

Back 10

meroblastic

Front 11

Is the yolk the animal pole or vegetal pole of the blastula?

Back 11

vegetal pole

Front 12

After which stage of development in a bilateral animal are the three tissue layers present?

Back 12

gastrulation

Front 13

In vertebrates which germ layer gives rise to:

Nerve

Muscle

Skin

Gut lining

Back 13

Nerve - ectoderm

Muscle - mesoderm

Skin - ectoderm

Gut lining - endoderm

Front 14

In vertebrate development after gastrulation and neurulation, does future development of the body occur in a posterior to anterior or anterior to posterior fashion?

Back 14

anterior to posterior

Front 15

During embryogenesis and growth, which organ develops first and why?

Back 15

The brain develops first because the body needs to develop nerves and the spinal cord. Other organs such as the digestive system or not needed yet because the embryo is relying on the placenta or yolk.

Front 16

During embryogenesis and growth of a terrestrial animal, which organ system is the last to develop and why?

Back 16

The digestive system is last to develop because the embryo is feeding through the placenta or yolk and does not need a digestive system until birth.

Front 17

What is the name of the genes found in multiple copies in eumetazoans and is involved in forming the repeating/segmented structures in the mature animal?

Back 17

Hox genes

Front 18

Name an organ that grows isometrically and one that has positive allometry early in life in humans

Back 18

The heart grows allometrically and the brain grows isometrically

Front 19

In amniotes, which is the outermost extraembryonic membrane?

Back 19

chorion

Front 20

Which extraembryonic membrane is directly involved in forming the placenta in mammals?

Back 20

chorion