Biology- Lesson 1-4

Front 1

defined as...
bio. is bestA. life and life processes.
B. the composition, structure, and properties of substances and the changes they undergo.
C. matter, motion, mechanics, heat, light, electricity, and sound.
D. the earth, especially as recorded in rocks.

Back 1

life and life processes.

Hint 1

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Front 2

an organism is...
A. an animal but not a plant.
B. the smallest unit that can perform all of the life processes.
C. when a living thing maintains its internal environment.
D. anything made of one or more cells that exhibits all of the characteristics of life.

Back 2

anything made of one or more cells that exhibits all of the characteristics of life.

Hint 2

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Front 3

Homeostasis is to stability as adaptation is to...
A. development.
B. growth.
C. maintenance.
D. change.

Back 3

maintenance.

Hint 3

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Front 4

Your heart beats more quickly and you breathe more rapidly after exercising. What characteristic of life does this represent?

A. reproduction
B. adaptation
C. homeostasis
D. organization

Back 4

homeostasis

Hint 4

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Front 5

The human respiratory and nervous systems are examples of what characteristic of life?

A. reproduction
B. adaptation
C. homeostasis
D. organization

Back 5

organization

Hint 5

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Front 6

Which of the following is not identified correctly?

A. evolution
B. homeostasis
C. organization
D. reproduction

Back 6

recess bell—stimulus

Hint 6

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Front 7

Each of the following is considered an SI measurement except the

A. pound.
B. liter.
C. second.
D. Celsius degree

Back 7

pound.

Hint 7

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Front 8

The next step a scientist takes after forming a hypothesis is to

Back 8

experiment to test the hypothesis.

Hint 8

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Front 9

A student experiments to study the growth of radish roots at ten different temperatures, from 5 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius. The dependent variable in this experiment would be

A. growth.
B. temperature.
C. roots.
D. Celsius.

Back 9

temperature.

Hint 9

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Front 10

. A test of a hypothesis is called a(n)

Back 10

experiment.

Hint 10

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Front 11

In an experiment, the group in which all conditions are kept the same except for the one being tested is a(n)

A. dependent variable.
B. independent variable.
C. control group.
D. experimental group

Back 11

experimental group.

Front 12

The number of red blood cells in a mouse's blood at different iron levels of the mouse's diet is the

A. dependent variable.
B. independent variable.
C. control group.
D. experimental group

Back 12

dependent variable.

Hint 12

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Front 13

A person drinking a glass of water illustrates both biotic and abiotic factors. The water would be

Back 13

none of the above

Hint 13

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Front 14

Autotroph is to producer as heterotroph is to

Back 14

consumer.

Hint 14

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Front 15

Ecology is the study of

Back 15

interactions between organisms and their environments.

Hint 15

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Front 16

A group of organisms of the same species that interbreed and live in the same place is a(n)

A. community.
B. organism.
C. population.
D. ecosystem

Back 16

population.

Hint 16

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Front 17

Interaction between biotic populations and abiotic factors in a community is a(n)

A. community.
B. organism.
C. population.
D. ecosystem.

Back 17

ecosystem

Hint 17

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Front 18

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit would be

A. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
C. commensalism.
D. omnivorous

Back 18

. mutualism

Hint 18

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Front 19

A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other does not benefit or suffer is

A. mutualism.
B. parasitism.
C. commensal.
D. abiotic.

Back 19

commensal.

Hint 19

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Front 20

As water moves through an ecosystem, plants and animals lose the water to the atmosphere through

A. photosynthesis.
B. dehydration.
C. precipitation.
D. respiration.

Back 20

respiration

Hint 20

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Front 21

Atmospheric nitrogen is converted into usable nitrogen compounds by

A. bacteria.
B. heterotrophs.
C. plants.
D. carnivores.

Back 21

bacteria.

Hint 21

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Front 22

The total transfer of energy from one trophic level to another that an organism can use is

A. 10 percent.
B. 30 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 70 percent.

Back 22

70 percent

Front 23

Which of the following is part of a community?

A. soil
B. rocks
C. plants
D. water

Back 23

water

Front 24

What vital function is performed by fungi and bacteria in an ecosystem?

A. photosynthesis
B. decomposition
C. commensalism
D. all of the above

Back 24

decomposition

Hint 24

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Front 25

Plants are classified as

A. producers because they produce carbon dioxide when they respire.
B. producers because they capture energy from the sun.
C. consumers because they feed on bacteria from the soil.
D. consumers because they use the energy they produce.

Back 25

consumers because they use the energy they produce.

Hint 25

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Front 26

You would receive more energy when consuming a steak than a salad.

A. True
B. False

Back 26

True

Hint 26

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Front 27

Carbon dioxide is returned to the earth's atmosphere when

A. trees are planted.
B. animal extinction is prevented.
C. fossil fuels are burned.
D. plastic is used.

Back 27

trees are planted.

Hint 27

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Front 28

Cows are to herbivores as humans are to

A. omnivores.
B. carnivores.
C. herbivores.
D. detritivores

Back 28

omnivores

Hint 28

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Front 29

The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is limited because

A. carnivores are near extinction.
B. so much energy is lost at each level.
C. plants produce less energy today than they did 100 years ago.
D. of the abiotic factors present.

Back 29

so much energy is lost at each level.

Hint 29

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Front 30

Habitat is to house as niche is to

A. profession.
B. mansion.
C. wealth.
D. possessions.

Back 30

profession

Hint 30

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Front 31

Homeostasis in a cell is primarily maintained by the

A. glucose.
B. mitochondria.
C. plasma membrane.
D. DNA.

Back 31

C. plasma membrane

Hint 31

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Front 32

The property of the plasma membrane that allows certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out is known as

A. selective permeability.
B. diffusion.
C. dynamic equilibrium.
D. turgor pressure.

Back 32

A. selective permeability.

Hint 32

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Front 33

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

A. active transport.
B. osmosis.
C. diffusion.
D. selective permeability.

Back 33

C. diffusion

Hint 33

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Front 34

When a few drops of food coloring are dropped into a cup of water, they will

A. move from low to high concentration.
B. move from high to low concentration.
C. remain separated from the water.
D. drop to the bottom of the cup and remain separate from the water.

Back 34

B. move from high to low concentration.

Hint 34

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Front 35

When materials pass into and out of the cell at equal rates and there is no net change in concentration inside of the cell, the cell is said to be in a state of

A. hypertonic solution.
B. active transport.
C. hypotonic solution.
D. dynamic equilibrium.

Back 35

D. dynamic equilibrium.

Hint 35

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Front 36

. The difference in concentration from one region to another is called

A. dynamic equilibrium.
B. homeostasis.
C. turgor pressure.
D. the concentration gradient.

Back 36

D. the concentration gradient.

Hint 36

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Front 37

If the concentration of dissolved substances in a solution is lower than the concentration inside of the cell, the solution is

A. isotonic.
B. hypotonic.
C. hypertonic.
D. dynamic.

Back 37

B. hypotonic.

Hint 37

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Front 38

Water will enter a cell by osmosis and result in turgor pressure when the cell is placed in a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. dynamic solution.

Back 38

C. hypertonic solution.

Hint 38

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Front 39

The type of solution that will not cause cellular damage when injected into the body because net osmosis does not occur is a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. diffusion solution.

Back 39

A. isotonic solution.

Hint 39

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Front 40

The type of solution that will not cause cellular damage when injected into the body because net osmosis
does not occur is a(n)

A. isotonic solution.
B. hypotonic solution.
C. hypertonic solution.
D. diffusion solution

Back 40

isotonic solution

Hint 40

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Front 41

Which of the following is not true of active transport?

A. It defies the concentration gradient.
B. It requires the cell to expend energy.
C. Proteins help the cell carry out active transport.
D. Osmosis is an example of active transport.

Back 41

D. Osmosis is an example of active transport.

Hint 41

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Front 42

Each of the following is needed to carry out photosynthesis except

A. oxygen.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. chlorophyll.
D. water.

Back 42

A. oxygen.

Hint 42

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Front 43

The Calvin cycle involves the

A. formation of carbohydrates in plants.
B. breakdown of carbohydrates in animals.
C. division of the cell.
D. production of ATP molecules.

Back 43

A. formation of carbohydrates in plants

Hint 43

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Front 44

The Calvin cycle takes place in the

A. stroma of chloroplasts.
B. mitochondria.
C. ribosomes.
D. chromosomes.

Back 44

A. stroma of chloroplasts

Hint 44

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Front 45

Photosynthesis is to building carbohydrates as __________ is to breaking down carbohydrates.

A. the Calvin cycle
B. diffusion
C. respiration
D. mitosis

Back 45

C. respiration

Hint 45

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Front 46

Heterotrophs get their energy directly from

A. the sun.
B. photosynthesis.
C. food.
D. mitosis.

Back 46

B. photosynthesis

Hint 46

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Front 47

Photosynthesis is to oxygen as respiration is to

A. simple sugars.
B. chlorophyll.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. hydrogen.

Back 47

C. carbon dioxide

Hint 47

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Front 48

The energy-storing compounds of the cell are called

A. mitochondria.
B. ATP.
C. DNA.
D. proteins.

Back 48

B. ATP.

Hint 48

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Front 49

Energy-storing compounds of the cell are formed in the "powerhouse" of the cell known as the

A. mitochondrion.
B. nucleus.
C. ribosome.
D. chromosome.

Back 49

A. mitochondrion.

Hint 49

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Front 50

Chloroplasts are found in

A. plants.
B. animals.
C. both plants and animals.
D. ATP molecules

Back 50

A. plants.

Hint 50

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Front 51

Deforestation is related to the upset of

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. photosynthesis and respiration.
C. the cell cycle.
Deforestation is related to the upset of

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. photosynthesis and respiration.
C. the cell cycle.
D. dynamic equilibrium.

Back 51

D. dynamic equilibrium.

Hint 51

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Front 52

Each of the following is a reason why cells must remain small except

A. diffusion is a primary means of cellular transport.
B. there is a limited amount of DNA.
C. the surface area-to-volume ratio is limiting.
D. the plasma membrane is unable to change shape

Back 52

D. the plasma membrane is unable to change shape

Hint 52

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Front 53

The stringy structures that appear in the cell nucleus just before division are

A. chromosomes.
B. RNA.
C. chloroplasts.
D. ADP.

Back 53

A. chromosomes.

Hint 53

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Front 54

The period of cell growth is known as

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. interphase.
C. mitosis.
D. respiration.

Back 54

B. interphase.

Hint 54

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Front 55

The period in which the nucleus and cytoplasm divide and a set of chromosomes is distributed to each daughter cell is known as

A. the Calvin cycle.
B. interphase.
C. mitosis.
D. respiration.

Back 55

C. mitosis.

Hint 55

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Front 56

426 . Anaphase: Centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite polls of the cell.

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Back 56

C 3rd

Hint 56

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Front 57

27 . Prophase: Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, and a spindle forms between the pairs of centrioles that have moved to opposite ends of the cell.

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Back 57

A 1st

Hint 57

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Front 58

28 . Telophase: With a complete set of chomosomes at each end of the cell, the cytoplasm divides.

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Back 58

D4th

Hint 58

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Front 59

Metaphase: Chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle, with each chromatid attached to a separate spindle fiber by its centromere

A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

Back 59

B2nd

Hint 59

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Front 60

When normal cells are allowed to grow in a dish that contains nutrients, the cells will

A. flourish in the environment and eventually spill out of the dish as it becomes too full to contain all of the cells.
B. continue to divide until they cover the bottom of the dish and touch all sides.
C. not grow in an environment outside of the body.
D. live but stay in interphase and never reach the stage of mitosis.

Back 60

B. continue to divide until they cover the bottom of the dish and touch all sides.

Hint 60

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Front 61

1 . The orderly, natural changes that take place in a community as environmental conditions change is a process called

A. climax.
B. succession.
C. pollution.
D. carrying capacity.

Back 61

B. succession.

Hint 61

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Front 62

When new sites of land are formed, as in a lava flow, (1) what are the first organisms to colonize the new area, and (2) what is the colonization called?

A. pioneer; secondary succession
B. primary; climax
C. pioneer; primary succession
D. inhabitants; biome

Back 62

C. pioneer; primary succession

Hint 62

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Front 63

A sequence of community changes that occur as a result of a natural disaster, such as a forest fire, is called

A. primary succession.
B. secondary succession.
C. climax.
D. carrying capacity.

Back 63

B. secondary succession

Hint 63

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Front 64

A climax community of any ecosystem on Earth is determined by its

A. shoreline.
B. resources.
C. carrying capacity.
D. climate.

Back 64

B. resources

Hint 64

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Front 65

A large group of ecosystems that share the same climate is called a

A. biosphere.
B. biome.
C. trophic level.
D. nonrenewable resource.

Back 65

A. biosphere

Hint 65

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Front 66

The body of water where fresh water from a river mixes with salt water is called a(n)

A. estuary.
B. intertidal zone.
C. sandbar.
D. aphotic zone.

Back 66

A. estuary.

Hint 66

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Front 67

The terrestrial biome with the greatest biodiversity is called a

A. desert.
B. taiga.
C. grassland.
D. tropical rain forest

Back 67

D. tropical rain forest

Hint 67

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Front 68

The most common biome that is also known as the breadbasket of the world is called a

A. tundra.
B. tropical rain forest.
C. temperate forest.
D. grassland.

Back 68

D. grassland.

Hint 68

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Front 69

Approximately 75 percent of Earth is

A. terrestrial.
B. aquatic.
C. desert.
D. uninhabited.

Back 69

B. aquatic.

Hint 69

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Front 70

The biome that has coniferous forests, peat swamps, and long, harsh winters is called a

A. tropical rain forest.
B. taiga.
C. tundra.
D. temperate forest.

Back 70

B. taiga.

Hint 70

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Front 71

13 . The number of organisms that a population can support over an indefinite period of time is called its

A. biodiversity.
B. climate.
C. ecosystem.
D. carrying capacity.

Back 71

D. carrying capacity.

Hint 71

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Front 72

The most important factor that determines population growth of an organism is

A. its social pattern.
B. its reproductive pattern.
C. its feeding pattern.
D. whether the organism is part of a climax community.

Back 72

A. its social pattern.

Hint 72

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Front 73

Populations of organisms tend to grow at

A. linear rates.
B. exponential rates.
C. slow rates.
D. unpredictable rates.

Back 73

C. slow rates.

Hint 73

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Front 74

Zero population growth refers to

A. births exceeding deaths.
B. deaths exceeding births.
C. births equalling deaths.
D. a decrease in births combined with an increase in deaths

Back 74

D. a decrease in births combined with an increase in deaths

Hint 74

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Front 75

Which of the following is a density independent factor?

A. disease
B. drought
C. competition for food
D. none of the above

Back 75

B. drought

Hint 75

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Front 76

China currently

A. is attempting to expand its population.
B. is faced with exponential population growth.
C. has government policies that control population growth.
D. is facing drastic reductions in population

Back 76

C. has government policies that control population growth.

Hint 76

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Front 77

Renewable resources are those that

A. are man-made.
B. are so abundant that we can never run out.
C. are replaced naturally in the environment.
D. people can artificially cause nature to produce

Back 77

C. are replaced naturally in the environment.

Hint 77

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Front 78

Each of the following is considered a nonrenewable resource except

A. oil, coal, and natural gas.
B. topsoil.
C. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
D. groundwater.

Back 78

C. carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Hint 78

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Front 79

What type of scale is used to determine the acidity in the environment?

A. Fahrenheit
B. pH
C. Celsius
D. CFC

Back 79

B. pH

Hint 79

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Front 80

The process whereby radiant energy from the sun is retained as heat in atmospheric gases is called

A. ozone.
B. the greenhouse effect.
C. pollution.
D. acid rain.

Back 80

B. the greenhouse effect.

Hint 80

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Front 81

Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, dealt with environmental concern over

A. acid rain.
B. pollution from insecticides.
C. global warming.
D. ozone depletion.

Back 81

B. pollution from insecticides.

Hint 81

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Front 82

Herbicides, pesticides, insecticides, and fertilizers are partially of concern because they cause

A. ozone depletion.
B. global warming.
C. acid rain.
D. groundwater pollution.

Back 82

A. ozone depletion.

Hint 82

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Front 83

Which one of the following can be most faulted for acid rain?

A. species extinction
B. chlorofluorocarbons
C. fertilizers, pesticides, and insecticides
D. sulfur produced by industrial smokestacks

Back 83

D. sulfur produced by industrial smokestacks

Hint 83

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Front 84

27 . The amount of Earth's freshwater supply available to plant and animal life is approximately

A. 0.1 percent.
B. 10 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 75 percent.

Back 84

A. 0.1 percent.

Hint 84

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Front 85

Scientists feel the depletion of the earth's ozone is partly because of

A. pH.
B. sulfur.
C. the burning of fossil fuels.
D. CFCs.

Back 85

D. CFCs.

Hint 85

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Front 86

Efforts to protect endangered species have prevented all extinction since the age of the dinosaur.

A. True
B. False

Back 86

B. False

Hint 86

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Front 87

1 . A cell is to an organism as a(n) __________ is to an element.

A. electron
B. nucleus
C. energy level
D. atom

Back 87

D. atom

Hint 87

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Front 88

2 . The periodic table lists

A. atoms.
B. elements.
C. classes of organisms.
D. biomes.

Back 88

B. elements.

Hint 88

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Front 89

Carbon and three other elements make up 96 percent of human mass. The other three elements include each of the following except

A. iron.
B. hydrogen.
C. oxygen.
D. nitrogen.

Back 89

A. iron.

Hint 89

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Front 90

What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy level?

A. 2
B. 8
C. 18
D. none of the above

Back 90

A. 2

Hint 90

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Front 91

If the atomic number of oxygen is 8, we know that it has

A. 16 electrons.
B. 8 protons.
C. 4 protons and 4 neutrons.
D. both A and B.

Back 91

C. 4 protons and 4 neutrons.

Hint 91

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Front 92

Which of the following has a net charge?

A. compounds
B. ions
C. molecules
D. neutrons

Back 92

D. neutrons

Hint 92

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Front 93

H2O can best be categorized as a(n)

A. gas.
B. element.
C. atom.
D. compound.

Back 93

D. compound.

Hint 93

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Front 94

Carbon, the substance represented by the letter "C" on the periodic table, can best be categorized as a(n)

A. compound.
B. molecule.
C. element.
D. atom.

Back 94

C. element.

Hint 94

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Front 95

. The type of bond that atoms form when they share electrons is a(n)

A. ionic bond.
B. covalent bond.
C. hydrogen bond.
D. none of the above.

Back 95

B. covalent bond.

Hint 95

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Front 96

Atoms naturally form bonds in order to

A. increase their stability.
B. become larger.
C. form useful substances.
D. none of the above.

Back 96

A. increase their stability.

Hint 96

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Front 97

What makes up between 70 and 95 percent of an organism?

A. NaCl
B. H2O
C. carbohydrates
D. lipids

Back 97

B. H2O

Hint 97

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Front 98

12 . made up of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base that combine to form

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids

a nucleotide

Back 98

D

Hint 98

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Front 99

13 . made from glycerol and fatty acids

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids

Back 99

B

Hint 99

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Front 100

14 . include DNA and RNA

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids

Back 100

D

Hint 100

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Front 101

15 . made up of amino acids

A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. proteins
D. nucleic acids

Back 101

C

Hint 101

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Front 102

16 . provide an organism with a genetic code

Back 102

D

Hint 102

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Front 103

17 . used for long-term energy storage, for insulation, and as a protective coating for organs

Back 103

B

Hint 103

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Front 104

18 . can be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides

Back 104

A

Hint 104

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Front 105

19 . include enzymes that help to speed up chemical reactions which take place in the body

Back 105

C

Hint 105

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Front 106

20 . A prokaryote

A. is an organism with a cell that lacks internal, membrane-bound structures.
B. has a defined nucleus.
C. is either single-celled or made up of many cells.
D. has many organelles.

Back 106

A. is an organism with a cell that lacks internal, membrane-bound structures.

Hint 106

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Front 107

21 . Humans are

A. prokaryotic.
B. eukaryotic.
C. both of the above.
D. none of the above.

Back 107

B. eukaryotic.

Hint 107

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Front 108

22 . A plasma membrane

A. is inflexible and causes the cell to take on a permanent shape.
B. is not found in animal cells.
C. controls the movement of materials that enter and exit the cell.
D. all of the above.

Back 108

C. controls the movement of materials that enter and exit the cell.

Hint 108

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Front 109

23 . The organelle that manages cell functions in a eukaryotic cell is the

A. mitochondrion.
B. nucleus.
C. plasma membrane.
D. ER.

Back 109

B. nucleus.

Hint 109

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Front 110

24 . Which of the following is found inside of the nucleus?

A. the cytoplasm
B. ribosomes
C. DNA
D. the Golgi apparatus

Back 110

C. DNA

Hint 110

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Front 111

25 . Which cell organelle is responsible for the manufacture of proteins?

A. the nucleus
B. the ER
C. ribosomes
D. lysosomes

Back 111

C. ribosomes

Hint 111

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Front 112

26 . Cell organelles that are responsible for digesting worn-out cell parts and helping to remove cell waste are called

A. vacuoles.
B. lysosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. ribosomes.

Back 112

B. lysosomes.

Hint 112

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Front 113

27 . Cell organelles that break down food molecules to produce a usable form of energy for the cell are known as the

A. lysosomes.
B. cytoplasm.
C. nucleus.
D. mitochondria.

Back 113

D. mitochondria.

Hint 113

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Front 114

28 . A valid scientific theory can be formed once an experiment proves a hypothesis to be correct.

A. True
B. False

Back 114

B. False

Hint 114

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Front 115

29 . The fluid inside of the cell is known as the

A. cytoplasm.
B. Golgi apparatus.
C. vacuole.
D. ER.

Back 115

A. cytoplasm.

Hint 115

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Front 116

30 . The factor that had the most impact on scientists' ability to develop the cell theory was the

A. identification of elements.
B. development of the telescope.
C. development of the microscope.
D. new interest in medicine that developed in the 1600s.

Back 116

C. development of the microscope.

Hint 116

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