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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural Selection
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A process in which individuals that have a certain inherited traits tend to survive & reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of THOSE traits
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Artificial Selection
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The selective breeding of domestic plants & animals to encourage the occurrence of the desirable traits
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catastrophism
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The principle that events in that events in the past occurred suddenly and were caused by different mechanisms than those operating today
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Uniformitarianism
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The principle that mechanisms of change are constant over time
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Homology
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Similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry
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Analogy
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Similarity between 2 species that is due to convergent evolution rather than to descent from a common ancestor with the same trait
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The 5 steps of the Hardy Weinberg equation
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1. Populations must be extremely large
2. There must be no gene flow 3. There must be no mutations 4. Mating must be random 5. There must be no natural selection |
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Bottleneck effect:
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Reduction of a population (due to natural disaster) in which the survivors are no longer genetically representative of the original population.
Ex: Cheetah |
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Founder effect:
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When a small group becomes isolated from a larger population and the new population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. (less diverse)
Example: People |
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Intrasexual
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Individuals of one sex complete directly for mates of opposite sex.
Example: Lions |
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Intersexual
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Individuals of one sex (usually females) choose their matees from the most ideal members of opposite sex. Example: Birds
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two prezygotic barriers
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Factors that impede mating or hinder ova (egg) fertilization between members of 2 different spp if they attempt to mate.
Ex: Blue-footed boobies |
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two postzygotic barriers
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Factors that prevent a hybrid zygote from developing into a viable, fertile adult.
Example: Mule |
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allopatric speciation
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The formation of new species in populations hat are geographically isolated from one another.
EX: North American Black Bear |
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Sympatric Speciation
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Formation of new spp due to genetic change in spp from the original population. No Geographic Barrier.
EX: Snails |
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adaptive radiation
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Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new spp whose adaptations allow them to fill vacant ecological niches in their new communities.
Ex: Australian marsupials |
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Convergent Evolution
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The evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages.
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Endosymbiosis
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Close association of 2 spp in which one lives inside another. (Organelles Involved:
a) Mitochondria: Aerobic heterotrophs b) Chloroplasts: Aerobic autotrophs |
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Cambrian Explosion
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1) Most major phyla of animals appeared during the Cambrian period, 535 – 525 mya
2.) Proferans (sponges), cnidarians (corals, jellyfish), and mollusks (clams, squid, snails) predate the cambrien period. |
