Biology Lecture 2

Front 1

Gastrovascular cavity

Back 1

circulatory system of cnidaria and platyhelaminthes. This system acts as a digestive and circulatory system. Takes water from environment containing oxygen, and the water contacts every single cell and oxygen diffuses into the cells and co2 goes the other way.

Front 2

Open circulatory system:

Back 2

circulatory system of some invertebrates like insects and mollusks. Has one entire body fluid called hemolymph. The heart or hearts pump hemolymph into vessels coming from heart and enters into the tissues and eventually oozes back to vicinity of heart and sucked back into pores.

Front 3

Closed circulatory system:

Back 3

Circ system of other invertebrates like annelids. Have interstitial fluid which is the distinction b/w fluid in circ system and fluid in tissues. Blood is pumped by heart and goes through blood vessels, oxygen diffuses from blood into tissues co2 from tissues to blood, then blood returns to heart. Called closed b/c blood is always in a vessel.

Front 4

Cardiovascular system:

Back 4

Circulatory system in vertebrates- this is a type of closed circ system. The heart composed of atria recieve blood and ventricals pump blood out into arteries. There are 2 types: fish in water have single circut and rest of vertebrates have double circuit.

Front 5

Structure of an artery

Back 5

composed of 3 layers. Outer composed of connective tissue. Middle composed of elastic connective tissue and smooth muscle and Innermost layer called endothelium. (simple squamous)

Front 6

arterioles

Back 6

branches of the arteries alot smaller and middle almost entirely smooth muscle

Front 7

Vasoconstriction

Back 7

when smooth muscle contracts the sides of arterioles and get smaller

Front 8

Capillary

Back 8

smallest blood vessel, wall composed of entirely endothelium this rests on a basement membrane.

Front 9

Venules:

Back 9

capillaries fuse together for form these larger blood vessels

Front 10

veins

Back 10

product of venules fusing together, even larger blood vessels

Front 11

how is vein and venule different from artery and arterioles?

Back 11

have valves in them allowing blood flow in only one direction middle layer is much thinner mostly made of connective tissue

Front 12

single circuit circulatory system

Back 12

Fish that live in water have this. Heart has one atrium that recieve blood from body and pumps it forward to single muscular ventrical. This pumps blood into a large blood vessel called ventral aorta. Ventral aorta supplies blood to the gills. As water flows over gills it diffuses across wall of capillary into blood and co2 goes the other way. The blood vessels of the gills join to form dorsal aorta. The blood then travels through body and enters into capillaries with oxygenated blood and those cap join to form venules then veins the return blood to heart.

Front 13

Double circuit heart (circ system)

Back 13

Blood pumped from right side of heart, to left side, then to lungs, then goes from lungs the left side of heart, once there it goes out of the left side to the body. From body into veins then veins return blood back to right side of heart.