Biology Key Terms

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Adenine

Back 1

A compound that is one of four constituent bases of nucleic acids. A purine derivative is paired with thymine in a double-stranded DNA.

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Anaphase

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The stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move awat from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

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Anti-codon

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A series of three nucleoids forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA

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Gene

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A unit of DNA (heredity) that is transferred from one generation to the next.

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Cell cycle

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A series of events that lead to the division of the cell and the duplication of its DNA to produce two daughter cells

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Centriole

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A small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs involved in the development if spindle fibers in cell division.

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Chromosomes

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A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protien found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

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Codon

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A sequence of 3 adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protien synthesis or translation.

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Cytokinesis

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The division of one cell into two cells at the end of mitosis.

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Cytosine (C)

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A compound found in living tissue as a constituent base of nucleic acids. It is paired with a guanine in double stranded DNA

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DNA

Back 11

A biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids that has four different chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.

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DNA polymerase

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Is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of nucleic acid molecules.

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Gene expression

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The transcription and translation of a gene into messenger RNA and, thus, into a protien

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Gene regulation

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A wide range of mechanisms that are used by the cell to increase or decrease the production of RNA or protien.

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Genotype

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The combination of alleles, situated on corresponding chromosomes, that determines a specific trait of an individual, such as Aa or aa

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Guanine

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One of the four main nucleobases found in nucleic acids.

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Histone

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Any group of basic protiens found in chromatin

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Interphase

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The resting phase between successive miotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

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A chemical compound that releases H+ to a solution is an...

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Acid

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A chemical compound that accepts H+ and removes them from a solution is a...

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Base

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List the four major elements of life

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Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

Front 22

What does "king phillip came over from German shores refer to?"

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Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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Explain Darwinism

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All organisms overpopulate in any given area, organisms compete for limited resources, individuals of a population have differences and some organisms have an advantage in their differences.

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List the seven properties of life

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Order, homeostasis, response to stimuli, adaptation, diversity, biodiversity, reproduction

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What is the biological hierarchy?

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Atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

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What is the science of classifying the vast biodiversity?

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Taxonomy

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What was Linneaus's naming system called?

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Binomial nomenclature

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What are the four categories of macromolecules?

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Carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, and nucleic acids

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In Dehydration synthesis is water added or produced?

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Water is produced

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In hydrolysis is water added or produced?

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Water is added.

Front 31

Name the two rules of atoms

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They must be positively charged

They need their outermost

shell to be filled.

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Is water a polar or covalent bond?

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Polar

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Cells are made up of how much water?

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70-95%

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What causes hydrolosis and dehydration?

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Enzymes

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What are the monomers for nucleic acid? What are they made of?

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Nucleotides. Made of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen bases.

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Fatty acids are the monomers for which macromolecules?

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Lipids

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Prokaryotes do not have what?

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A nucleus

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Eukaryotes carry their DNA where?

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In the nucleus

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Where does CO2 and water enter or leave a plant cell in photosynthesis?

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In the stomata

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CO2 is produced in which cycle in which process?

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Krebs cycle, cellular respiration.

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Who performed the experiment with plants, mice and a jar?

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Priestly

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In respiration oxygen is used up in the______.

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Electron transport chain ETC

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What is the product of respiration?

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Carbon dioxide, water and ATP

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What is the product of photosynthesis?

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Sugar and oxygen

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Where does Glycolysis happen?

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In the cytoplasm