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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A balanced diet contains the right amounts of...? |
-carbohydrates -proteins -fat -vitamins -minerals -fibre -water |
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Why does the body need carbohydrates, fats and proteins? |
-The body needs carbohydrates, fats and proteins to release energy you need to live and to build new cells. |
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Why do you need small amounts of vitamins and minerals? |
-You need them for your body to work healthily. |
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What problems are there if a person does not have a balanced diet? |
-A person is malnourished if their diet is not balanced. -This may lead to a person being overweight or underweight. -May lead to deficiency diseases. - |
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Excess intake of high energy foods can lead to type 2 diabetes. What is it? |
-This is a disease where the person is unable to control the levels of sugar in their blood. -This is dangerous and the person must monitor their blood sugar levels regularly. |
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Males need more energy than females of the same age unless the woman is pregnant. True or false? |
-True |
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A teenager needs more energy than someone in their 70s. True or false? |
-True |
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If you do very little exercise you need more food. True or false? |
-False |
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Does the temperature of the place you live in affect how much energy you need as well? |
-Yes. In warmer countries, you need to eat less food because you use less energy keeping your body temperature at a steady level. |
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What is "metabolic rate"? |
-The rate all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out. |
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Why does the metabolic rate vary? |
-It depends on the amount of activity you do. The more activity, the more energy is required by the body. -Varies with respect to the proportion of muscle to fat in your body. The higher the proportion of muscle to fat, the higher the metabolic rate. |
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Why do you need cholesterol? |
-For your cells membranes and to make vital hormones. |
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There are two forms of cholesterol. One form is healthy, but the other form can cause health problems. True or false? |
-True |
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What is the problem if the balance of your cholesterol levels is wrong? |
-Your risk of getting heart diseases increases. |
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What can be used to prevent infection? |
-Vaccination |
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What are pathogens? |
-Microorganisms that cause infectious disease. |
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How do diseases occur? |
-When large numbers of pathogenic microorganisms enter the body. |
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What are two common pathogens? |
-Bacteria and Viruses |
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What is bacteria? |
-Bacteria are single-celled living organisms that are much smaller than animal and plant cells. |
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Are all bacteria harmful? |
-No. Although some bacteria cause disease, many are harmless and some are really useful to us. |
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What can useful bacteria be used for? |
-Making food such as cheese and yoghurt and treating sewage and to make medicines. |
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Viruses are bigger than bacteria. True or false? |
-False |
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What can viruses cause? |
-Diseases in every type of living organism from people to bacteria. |
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What can pathogenic bacteria produce? |
-Toxins which make us feel ill. |
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What can viruses do? |
-Thet can take over you cells, destroying and damaging them. |
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How do viruses replicate? |
-By invading cells, reproducing inside them and bursting them. |
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White blood cells help to defend against pathogens by...? |
-ingesting pathogens -producing antibodies, which destroy particular bacteria and viruses -producing antitoxins, which counteract the toxins released by the pathogens. |
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What does the immune system produce? |
-antibodies to kill a particular pathogen. |
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If a large population of the population is immune to a pathogen, what happens to the spread of the pathogen? |
-It is reduced. |
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In the 1850s, what did Semmelweiss recognise? |
-The importance of hand-washing to prevent spreading some infectious diseases. |
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How do antibiotics including penicillin help cure bacterial disease? |
-They kill infectious bacteria in the body. |
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What have the bacteria MRSA developed? |
-The resistance to antibiotics. |
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What is the MMR vaccine used to protect children against? |
-Measles, mumps and rubella. |
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What is the difference between Epidemics and Pandemics? |
-Epidemics are diseases that spread widely across one country and pandemics spread widely through several countries. |
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What conditions do microorganisms like? |
-Conditions with nutrients, warmth and moisture. |
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Why are fish covered in slime? |
-To help protect them from damage and infection. |
