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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Each sperm cell of a horse contains 32 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are there in each of the horse's body cells?
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64
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The manufacture of proteins from RNA and amino acids is
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translation
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A random change in a DNA nucleotide base sequence
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constitutes a mutation
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What are the major sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction
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random fusion of gametes shuffling of homologues during meiosis I
crossing over |
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The site of protein synthesis is the
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ribosome
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The two cells at the end of meiosis I
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are haploid
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If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequence of bases in mRNA
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AUCCGAUU
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a eukaryotic chromosome is made up of
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a protein and nucleic acid
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A gene may encode information needed by a cell to produce
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Structural proteins
RNA enzymes hormones |
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By the early 1950s, many biologists realized that the key to understanding inheritance lay in the structure of
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DNA
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Chargaff found that the amounts of the four bases vary from species to species, but the amount of adenine always equals the amount of quanine an dthe amount of thymine always equals the amount of cytosine. True or False
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False
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The correct structure of a nucleotide is
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phosphate-5 carbon sugar- nitrogen base
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The type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is
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transfer RNA
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Complementary base pairs are held together by
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hydrogen bonds
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During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle apparatus
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metaphase
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In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the rungs of the ladder represent
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nitrogenous bases linked together
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the anticodon for AUC is
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UAG
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The hereditary material that is present in all cells is
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DNA
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Uracil pairs with
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adenine
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Transcription is the process of
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synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template
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Messenger RNA is single stranded. True or False
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True
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If cytosine makes up 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism, then adenine would make up what percent of the bases?
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28
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A gene mutation is defined as change in the
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nucleotide sequence of DNA
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How can a gene be mutated with no resulting change in the protein that is produced from that gene?
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A codon has changed, but it codes for the same amino acid as the original codon
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How can a single gene code for more than one protein?
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The exons within a mRNA can be spliced together in different ways
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If we radioactively label the DNA of bacteriophage and then allow them to infect bacteria, where should the radioactivity end up?
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inside the bacterial cells
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The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of
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crossing over
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Each gene is specific for a particular type of protein. True or False
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True
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Semiconservative DNA replication means
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each new DNA molecule has half of the old one
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If a normal dipoloid cell has eight chromosomes then
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there are four chromosomes per cell after meiosis.
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a bacterial cell splits into two new cells by
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fission
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Fibosomes are a collection of
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proteins and small RNAs that function in translation
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A charged tRNA enters the protein synthesizing machinery at the ribosomes by recognition of its
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anticodon
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The sequence of subunits in the DNA "back bone" is
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phosphate- sugar- phosphate- sugar-phosphate- sugar
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A codon of mRNA consisits of three bases which will code for an amino acid. True or False?
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True
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Pick the best choice for the following statement about DNA: Joins sugar to phosphate
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covalent bonds
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Which of the following contains nucleotides but no uracil?
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DNA
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Human body cell nuclei contain
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23 pairs of chromosomes
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In sexually reproducing organisms, the source of chromosomes in the the offspring is
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half from the father and half from the mother
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The main function of meiosis II is
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seperate sister chromatids during anaphase
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Which occurs in the nucleus?
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Transcription and replication of genetic material
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Pick the best choice for the following statement about DNA: Joins adenine and thymine, and also guanine and cytosine
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hydrogen bonds
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During the "S" portion of interphase, what is the cell doing?
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synthesizing DNA
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For the DNA sequence GCCTAT in one polynucleotide chain, the sequence found in the other polynucleotide chain is
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CGGATA
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The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
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transcription
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How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA
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4
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Sister chromatids are
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Duplicate chromosomes held together by a common centromere
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When a cell divides
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each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information
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Each new amino acid is attached to the growing chain by
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a peptide bond
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The longest period of a cell's life cycle is
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interphase
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Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical individuals because
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no meiosis or fertilization takes place
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Suppose one strand of a "mini-gene" has the following base sequence: TACCCGGATTCA
the last codon in the mRNA will be |
AGU
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the rules for base pairing are
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A with T and G with C
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DNA has
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C,T,A and G bases
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Homologous pairs of chromosomes
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consist of two chromosomes the same size and with the same genes
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Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
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resuffling of genes combines defferent alleles in beneficial ways
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What was the main point of Griffiths experiments with pneumonia
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There is a substance present in dead bacteria that can cause a heritable change in living bacteria
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According to the Law of Segregation
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pairs of factors seperate during the formation of gametes
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Condominance occurs when
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both of the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in an individual
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What would be true if linkage of two genes were compete?
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Crossing over between the two genes would never occur
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Blood typing is often used as evidence in paternity cases in court. In one case, the mother had blood type B and the child had blood type O. Which of the following types could the father NOT have?
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AB
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Human skin color is the result of
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polygenic inheritance
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A sex linked recessive condition resulting in abnormally excessive bleeding is
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hemophilia
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A man who carries a harmful sex-linked gene on the X chromosome will pass the gene onto
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all of his daughters
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A disorder caused by non-disjunction of chromosome 21 resulting in a trisomy 21 child is
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Down Syndrome
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If two parents are carriers of albinism what is the chance that their fourth child will have a homozygous genotype?
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50%
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Sickle cell anemia is caused by a
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Recessive autosomal gene
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Autosomal nondisjunction can result in
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Down Syndrome
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What is the genotype of a dominat individual if some of its offspring show the recessive phenotype?
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Dd
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White eyes in male fruit flies is determined by a
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recessive gene on the X
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Why would you predict that half of the human babies born will be males and half will be females?
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because of the segregation of the X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis
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In Mendel's experiments, if the gene for tall plants was incompletely dominant over the gene for short plants what would be the result of crossing the Tt plants?
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25% tall; 50% intermediate; 25% short
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A Mendelian test cross is used to determine whether
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an individual is homozygous or heterozygous
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