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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Individualistic hypothesis
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species are independently distributed along gradients and communities are simple the assemblage of species that occupy the same area because of similar abiotic factors.
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Interactive Hypothesis
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communities are secrete groupings of particular species that are closely interdependent and nearly always occur together.
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Rivet Model
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Most of the species in a community are associated tightly with other species in a community.
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Redundancy Model
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Most of the species in a community are not tightly associated with one another and the web of live is very loose.
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Ecological Niche
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The some total of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.
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Resource Partitioning
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Differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community.
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Character Displacement
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The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species.
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Batesian Mimicry
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a palatable or harmless species mimics an unpalatable or harmful model.
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Mullerian Mimicry
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mimicry of two unpalatable species.
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Parasitism
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A symbiotic interaction in which one organism the parasite derives its nourishment from another organism its host which is harmed in the process. +-
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Endoparasites
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Parasites that live within their host.
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Ectoparasites
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Parasites that feed on the external surface of a host.
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Mutualism
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Interspecific interaction that benefits both species. ++
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Commensalism
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The interaction between species that benefits only one of them, and the other is left unaffected. +0
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Energetic Hypothesis
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The length of the food chain is limited by the inefficiency of the energy transfer along the chain.
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Dynamic Stability Hypothesis
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Long food chains are less stable than short chains. Fluctuation at lower trophic levels are magnified at higher levels, potentially causing the extinction of top predators.
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Keystone Species
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They exert strong control on community structure not so much by numerical might as by their ecological roles or niches.
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Bottom up Model
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Nutrients controls the community organizations.
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Top down Model
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Predation controls community organization.
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Abiotic Components
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Nonliving chemical and physical factors. Ex. Temp light water and nutrients.
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Biotic Components
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the organisms that are part of any individuals environment.
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Photic Zone
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Where there is sufficient light for photosynthesis
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Aphotic Zone
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Where little light penetrates.
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Thermocline
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Is the part in a body of water where there is a rapid temperature change.
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Benthic Zone
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Bottom of aquatic biomes, the substrate
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Benthos
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The communities of organisms in the benthic zone, and detritus normally takes place here.
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Littoral Zone
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The shallow well lit water close to shore.
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Limnetic Zone
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Well lit far from shore occupied by phytoplankton
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Profundal Zone
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Deep aphotic region
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Oligotrophic
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Lakes are deep and nutrient poor, and the phytoplankton in the limnetic zone are relatively sparse and not very productive.
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Eutrophic
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Lakes in contrast are usually shallower and the nutrient content of their water is high.
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Mesotrophic
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Lakes with moderate amounts of nutrients.
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Intertidal Zone
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Where land meets water.
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Nertic Zone
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shallow regions over the continental shelves.
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Oceanic Zone
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Very great depths.
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Pelagic Zone
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Open water of any depth.
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Abyssal Zone
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Organisms that is very deep in the benthic zone.
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