Biology Ii: Virus And Bacteria Test Review

Front 1

Are viruses considered alive?

Back 1

No

Front 2

Which two scientists conducted experiments that demonstrated the DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages?

Back 2

Hershey and Martha

Front 3

What does the envelope of a flu virus help the virus do?

Back 3

Envelope helps enter and leave the cell.

Front 4

Where inside the host cell does the herpes virus reproduce?

Back 4

Nucleus

Front 5

Can you cure plants of virus disease?

Back 5

No

Front 6

Can humans acquire virus diseases from animals?

Back 6

Yes, almost all viruses have effected them.

Front 7

What kind of virus is HIV?

Back 7

Retrovirus

Front 8

What enzyme does HIV use the synthesize DNA from RNA?

Back 8

Reverse transcriptase

Front 9

What type of cells does HIV infect and damage?

Back 9

Infects white blood cells

Front 10

What is the main difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

Back 10

Nucleus for prokaryotes, no nucleus for eukaryotes.

Front 11

What is the nucleoid region of a prokaryote?

Back 11

Contains cell DNA.

Front 12

How much smaller are prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?

Back 12

10x smaller.

Front 13

Are all prokaryotes very similar or very different?

Back 13

Very different

Front 14

What is the name of the substance that makes up the cell walls of bacteria which archaea do not have?

Back 14

Peptidoglycan

Front 15

What are some types of evidence that archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related than archaea are to bacteria?

Back 15

More in common with humans

Front 16

What are two domains of prokaryotes?

Back 16

Bacteria and Archaea

Front 17

What would be the shape name for pairs of rod-shaped bacteria?

Back 17

Oval shape for rods

Front 18

What is the name for curved or comma shaped bacteria?

Back 18

Vibrios are J shaped

Front 19

What is the term for helical or spiral shaped bacteria?

Back 19

Cocci

Front 20

What are the three functions of the bacterial cell wall?

Back 20

Maintain shape, no bursting, and good for protection

Front 21

What is the function of the pili?

Back 21

Help adhension on bacteria and provide links during conjugation

Front 22

What is the function of the capsule?

Back 22

The capsule can protect cells from engulfment by eukaryotic cells, such as macrophages.

Front 23

What is the function of the flagella?

Back 23

Movement

Front 24

Whose genome is bigger, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Back 24

Eukaryotes

Front 25

Can endospores survive boiling water?

Back 25

Yes

Front 26

What nutritional group of bacteria get both their energy and carbon from organic molecules and is the largest group of bacteria?

Back 26

Chemoheterotroph

Front 27

What short, thin appendages help prokaryotes adhere to surfaces?

Back 27

Pili

Front 28

Where do chemoautrophic bacteria get their carbon and energy from?

Back 28

CO2 from air and energy from inorganic compounds

Front 29

Do heterotrophs get their carbon from organic or inorganic compounds?

Back 29

Organic

Front 30

Name the three main groups of Archaea?

Back 30

Extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles, and methanogens

Front 31

Characteristics of halophiles, thermophiles, and methanogens

Back 31

Salty, extreme hot waters, or methanogens make their own energy.

Front 32

What are cyanobacteria?

Back 32

Photosynthesize in a plantlike manner

Front 33

What are actinomycetes?

Back 33

Live in soil and decomposer like fungus

Front 34

Are methanogens in the domain bacteria or domain archaea?

Back 34

Domain archaea

Front 35

What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.?

Back 35

Chlamydia

Front 36

What does salmonella cause?

Back 36

Food poisoning and typho fever?

Front 37

What type of bacterial disease causes a large, bullseye-shaped rash?

Back 37

Lyme disease!

Front 38

What are some things that have reduced bacterial diseases?

Back 38

Sanitation/Antibiotics/Education

Front 39

Can you get anthrax by simply touching it with the skin?

Back 39

Break in the skin or inhale it

Front 40

How do cyanobacteria help plants?

Back 40

Fixing nitrogen

Front 41

What group of organisms have had the greatest impact on the environment more than all other forms of life?

Back 41

Bacteria

Front 42

What is transformation?

Back 42

Uptake of foreign DNA from environment

Front 43

What is transduction?

Back 43

Transfer of bacterial genes by phage

Front 44

How did Frederick Griffth go about proving transformation?

Back 44

Transformation

Front 45

What is the advantage of conjugation, transduction, and transformation?

Back 45

All increasing genetic information

Front 46

Spreading a computer virus by using emails is most like which of the processes above?

Back 46

Transduction

Front 47

How do bacteria pass on genes for antibiotic resistance?

Back 47

Plasmid

Front 48

What are the requirements for a functional F factor?

Back 48

Carry genes and build organ of replication and pass genes.

Front 49

What human activities have contributed to an increase in the number of bacteria having R plasmids?

Back 49

Over use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture